Abstract: An electronic circuit system has at least three macro circuits and a plurality of signal lines for connecting the macro circuits to one another into a loop. Each of the macro circuits includes a logic circuit and a memory circuit and has a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals. Signals are transmitted through the loop in a single specified direction in synchronization with a clock signal. Each of the macro circuits receives the signals at the input terminals thereof, accepts the signals if the signals are destined for the macro circuit, and transfers the signals to the output terminals thereof if the signals are not destined for the macro circuit. Even if the macro circuits simultaneously transmit signals, the electronic circuit system transmits the signals in the specified direction through the loop in synchronization with the clock signal up to destination macro circuits.

Abstract: A driver circuit for a signal line of a large load is configured to include: a pMOS transistor having a source and a drain connected with a signal line and a ground line, respectively, and a gate receiving an input signal; and an nMOS transistor having a source and a drain connected with a signal line and a power supply line, respectively, and a gate receiving the input signal. As a result, the power consumption due to the signal line of a large load is reduced to realize a reduction of the power consumption of a semiconductor integrated circuit.

Abstract: An e-mail sending and receiving system in which positional data about a plurality of places can be included in an e-mail message to be sent, and further detailed data can be obtained based on the included positional data, thereby improving the convenience and effectiveness of the positional data. The system includes a mail generating section for generating an e-mail message to be sent to an addressee; a positional data storage section for storing a plurality of positional data; and a positional data attaching section for attaching one or more of the positional data stored in the positional data storage section to the e-mail message generated by the mail generating section. The system may further include a section for generating detailed data relating to each positional data attached to the e-mail message, and attaching a URL for accessing the detailed data to the e-mail message.

Abstract: An adjacent interference removal device capable of providing an improved reception quality. An IF signal Sin having passed through an IF filter having a pass frequency band width of 200 kHz is supplied to a first narrow band filter having a pass frequency band width extending from a center frequency (carrier frequency) of the IF filter to +50 kHz, as well as to a second narrow band filter having a pass frequency band width extending from a center frequency (carrier frequency) of the IF filter to ?50 kHz.

Abstract: The present invention provides a capacitor device including a plurality of capacitor elements adjacent to each other along an axial direction are electrically connected to each other by fitting between a first terminal of one capacitor element and a second terminal of the other capacitor element, a intermediate plate allows the terminals fitted to each other between the capacitor elements adjacent to each other along the axial direction to penetrate through and positions these capacitor elements, an upper plate is electrically connected to the terminals of capacitor elements arranged on one end portion in the axial direction, a lower plate is electrically connected to the terminals of capacitor elements arranged on the other end portion in the axial direction, and all the capacitor elements are held in place by being sandwiched between the upper plate and the lower plate.

Abstract: A program area for the normal writing of information is provided on a first side of an information recording and reproducing medium, and a label area and a program area on which information can be written are provided on the opposing second side of the medium. A bibliographic description such as the name or trademark or the like of the company who manufactured the disc is recorded in the label area using printing or the like. A recording layer of a cyanine or an azo based organic dye is provided in the program area, and an image pattern is recorded optically onto this recording layer. With such a construction, a user can form a visible pattern known as pit art on the recording layer of the program area by optically writing a desired image pattern, and as a result can readily identify and organize a plurality of information recording and reproducing media.

Abstract: The invention discloses a frequency divider using half-adding functions, comprising one latch circuitry with half adding function for each digit, each latch circuitry receiving its output signal Sout at its S-input, the latch circuitry (76) for the least significant bit receiving at its Carry-input a “1”, and each further latch circuity receiving at its Carry-input the carry signal from the latch circuitry of the previous digit, and an And gate circuitry receiving the Sum outputs of the latch circuitries.

Abstract: A package substrate includes signal pads provided on a main surface of the package substrate, footpads provided on a backside of the package substrate, and a sealing electrode provided on the main surface to surround the signal pads, the signal pads being electrically coupled to the footpads, the sealing electrode being insulated from the footpads.

Abstract: A protection method for preventing battery cells from over-discharging and being overcharged, a control circuit, and a battery unit are provided. In the protection method, when a set signal “1” is supplied to a set terminal, a flip-flop outputs “1”. The gate of a discharge control FET then becomes “1”, so that the discharge control FET is OFF regardless of a discharge control signal supplied from a voltage monitor circuit. When a reset signal “1” is supplied to a reset terminal, the flip-flop outputs “0”. The discharge control FET is then switched on and off in accordance with the output of a discharge control circuit of the voltage monitor circuit. In this manner, battery cells connected to an electronic device do not over-discharge, even when they are left unused for a long period of time. Thus, the battery unit can be prevented from deteriorating and shortening the life thereof.

Abstract: A process for obtaining nitroxyalklesters of the 2(S)(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-propanoic acid having an enantiomeric excess higher than or equal to 95%, preferably higher than or equal to 98%, characterized in that an halide of the 2-(S)-(6 methoxy-2-naphthyl)propanoic acid of formula A-Hal, wherein A is the acid acyl residue, is reacted in an inert organic solvent with an aliphatic nitroxyalkanol HO—Y—ONO2, wherein Y is a C2-C20 alkylene or a cycloalkylene from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkylene as defined containing a cycloalkylene as defined, in the presence of an inorganic base.

Abstract: A solid state image pickup device having: a semiconductor substrate having a light receiving area; a number of pixels formed in the light receiving area of the semiconductor substrate in a matrix shape, each of the pixels having a main photosensitive field having a relatively large area and a subsidiary photosensitive field having a relatively small area; a main color filter array formed above the semiconductor substrate and covering at least the main photosensitive fields in register with the respective pixels; and a micro lens array formed on the color filter array and covering at least the main photosensitive fields in register with the respective pixels, wherein an image signal can be selectively picked up from either one of the main and subsidiary photosensitive fields. A solid state image pickup device having a high resolution can be provided.

Abstract: The opto-electronic integrated circuit device comprises an optical switch 18 provided in an input port 12a of a first input/output port 36a over a substrate 10 and changing over an optical path of an optical signal inputted from the input port 12a and outputting the optical signal through one of a plurality of output terminals 24a–24d; an opto-electric conversion element 26a optically connected to one of the plural output terminals of the optical switch 18, and converting the optical signal outputted from one of the output terminals 24a–24d of the optical switch 18 to an electric signal and inputting the converted electric signal in a semiconductor element 30 mounted over the substrate 10; and an optical waveguide 50 optically connected to another of the plural output terminal 24d of the optical switch 18 and outputting the optical signal outputted from said another output terminal 24d of the optical switch 18 through an output port 32b of a second input/output port 36b over the substrate 10.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter for generating power supply voltage differing from input voltage, while operating a semiconductor circuit at a predetermined speed regardless of differences between devices or changes in the operation environment. An output voltage control circuit compares an oscillation signal, which is provided from a ring oscillator of the semiconductor circuit, with a triangular wave signal, which is provided from an oscillator of the DC-DC converter, and changes the output voltage of the DC-DC converter in accordance with the comparison result. This substantially equalizes the oscillation signal of the ring oscillator with the triangular wave signal, which functions as a reference signal, and operates the semiconductor circuit at a speed that is in accordance with the triangular wave signal.

Abstract: A belt type continuously variable transmission includes a drive pulley having a fixed pulley half and a movable pulley half; a driven pulley having a fixed pulley half and a movable pulley half; and a metal belt. The metal belt includes a metal ring assembly having a plurality of endless metal rings laminated on one another and a plurality of metal elements supported on the metal ring assembly. The metal belt is wound around the drive pulley and the driven pulley. The movable pulley half of the drive pulley has a flexural stiffness higher than that of the fixed pulley half of the drive pulley, wherein it is difficult for the edges of the metal ring assembly to contact the metal elements and a V-face of the drive pulley.

Abstract: A valve device comprises a pipe, a first closing element, mobile between a first position in which it leaves the pipe open and a second position in which it seals the pipe closed, a second closing element, mobile between a first position in which it leaves the pipe open and a second position in which it seals the pipe closed; the first and the second closing elements, in their respective second closed positions, form a chamber and the valve device also comprises an orbital head for supporting at least one nozzle which dispenses a washing fluid, for cleaning the chamber.

Abstract: A process to obtain perfluoropolyethers comprising: a) synthesis of peroxidic perfluoropolyethers by one of the following reactions: al) TFE photooxidation, in solvents selected between perfluorocarbons and (mono)hydrofluorocarbons, of general formula: CyF(2y+2?X)Hx ??(II) ?wherein y is an integer from 2 to 4; x is an integer equal to 0 or 1; in the present of fluorine diluted with an inert gas; or a2) TFE oxidation using as radical initiator fluorine or hypofluorites of formula RfOF??(III) ?(Rf perfluoroalkyl radical from 1 to 3 carbon atoms), operating from ?40° C. to ?100° C. at a pressure comprised between 0 and 12 bar; b) thermal treatment of the product obtained in a) at a temperature from 1500° C. to 250° C.; c) treatment with elemental fluorine of the polymer obtained in step b) at temperatures from 100° C. to 250° C., or by treatment with fluorine in the presence of UV radiations, operating at temperatures from ?50° C. to 120° C.

Abstract: A delay circuit includes a delay part delaying a signal by a delay time which can be varied based on a control current, and a control current adjustment circuit adjusting the control current so that the delay time changes linearly based on a variation in a resistance value.