Abstract: A reflector for an LED (7) having a housing (1) and front portion (10) for emitting a main beam of light, the reflector comprising a body (6) defining a cavity in which the LED (7) maybe at least partially located, the body (6) comprising: (a) at least one wall (6, 10) to substantially surround the perimeter of the housing (1), said wall (6, 10) being spaced from the housing (1); (b) a fastener (9) to releasably fasten the LED (7) at least partially in the cavity; and (c) an opening (5) to permit passage of light from the LED (7); wherein the at least one wall (10) of the body is adapted to reflect a substantial amount of incident light from the LED towards the opening (5).

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the step of: mixing an analog of a secondary alcohol that is soluble with carbon dioxide with a free radical initiator and oxygen in carbon dioxide to generate hydrogen peroxide. Another method of synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the step of: mixing hydrogen, oxygen and a CO2-philic catalyst in carbon dioxide phase. The CO2-philic catalyst is soluble or miscible in carbon dioxide and is suitable to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. The method also comprises the step of reacting the hydrogen and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a short, convergent total synthesis of camptothecin and related compounds which consists of a novel 4+1 radical annulation. The present invention also provides novel chemical intermediates for such 4+1 radical annulations.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the steps of: synthesizing an analog of anthraquinone that is miscible or soluble in carbon dioxide; reacting the analog of anthraquinone with hydrogen in carbon dioxide to produce a corresponding analog of tetrahydroquinone; and reacting the analog of tetrahydroquinone with oxygen to produce the hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the analog of anthraquinone. A chemical compound having the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently, the same or different, H, RC, or RSRC, wherein RS is a spacer group and RC is a fluoroalkyl group, a fluoroether group, a silicone group, an alkylene oxide group, a fluorinated acrylate group, or a phosphazine group, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 is not H.