Abstract: A reference voltage circuit is disclosed that is independent of the voltage supply as well as substantially insensitive to process and temperature variations. The reference voltage circuit includes an intrinsic transistor circuit which includes a plurality of intrinsic transistors of equal size. The intrinsic transistor circuit is coupled to a current mirror circuit, and a plurality of threshold transistors. In so doing, a reference voltage circuit is provided that is substantially independent of process and temperature variations. In addition, by grounding the source connections of the plurality of threshold transistors, the reference voltage circuit output voltage also is substantially independent of supply voltage variations.

Abstract: A phase detector is disclosed that eliminates frequency ripple in a phase-locked loop circuit. The detector includes first and second circuits for providing UP and DOWN signals respectively. It also includes a delay element for setting the duration of the DOWN signal so as to eliminate phase jitter and static phase offset.

Abstract: An improved storage controller and method for storing and recovering data. The storage controller includes a first cluster for directing data from a host computer to a storage device and a second cluster for directing data from a host computer to a storage device. A first cache memory is connected to the first cluster and a second cache memory is connected to the second cluster. A first nonvolatile memory is connected to the second cluster and a second nonvolatile memory is connected to the first cluster. The first and second cache memories and the first and second nonvolatile stores are thus "cross-coupled" to the first and second clusters to provide improved data recovery capability. Data is directed to the first cache and backed up to the first nonvolatile memory in a first operational mode. In the event of failure of the first nonvolatile memory, data is recovered from the first cache memory.

Abstract: A method and system provides for increasing the throughput of serial data in a computer system when a data packet is of unknown length. The method and system includes initializing a first count register to count a length field of the data packet, the length field including a value indication of the length of the data packet. The method and system further includes storing a count for a minimum data portion in a second count register and receiving the data packet from a serial device of the computer system. The method and system further provides for transferring the length value to the RAM of the computer system and loading the count for the minimum data portion into the first count register to provide primary chaining of the first count register to the second count register. The method and system finally provides for comparing a minimum data packet length to the length value in the RAM to determine whether to utilize secondary chaining of the first count register with the second count register.

Abstract: A cell array circuit for a programmable logic device is provided with split read and write lines in the memory cell. The circuit eliminates the need for pass gates in the speed path. The circuit includes steering logic, a row line driver circuit and a row decoder circuit to facilitate the different modes of operation of the cell array circuit.

Abstract: An optimization method is disclosed that enhances the interactivity of multimedia information. The optimization method includes separating a multimedia information into primary and secondary layers and enhancing that information in the primary layers such that the perceived psychographic information quality is improved. This method has the advantage of providing compression and/or transmission algorithms to maximize enhancement of the multimedia information.

Abstract: A drum shell and method of making same. A first layer of carbon fiber material is rolled into a cylindrical shape. Next, a layer of foam is wrapped over the cylinder of carbon fiber material. Finally, a second layer of carbon fiber material is rolled over the foam layer. In a more specific implementation, several sheets of carbon fiber soaked in an epoxy resin are rolled on a cylindrical mold to provide the first and second rolls thereof. After the application of the second set of sheets, the shell is vacuum dried and cut to desired lengths to complete the construction.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed which utilize Little's law to improve cache management in a computer based storage system in which the cache is a partitioned or non partitioned write-back cache. In a first aspect, a method and system for managing a write-back cache in a computer based system to accommodate for deferred write operations is disclosed. The method .and system comprises determining an average cast out delay for a cache entry. In a second aspect the method and system comprises utilizing the average castout delay for estimating the number of dirty cache entries which will be needed by the cache if the write operations rate and the average cast out delay does not change significantly. In a third aspect, a method and system for managing a partitioned and prioritized cache in a computer based system to provide sensitivity to a local maximum is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for protecting the stacked gate edge of a semiconductor device is disclosed. The process provides for providing a spacer formation before the self aligned source (SAS) etch is accomplished. By providing the spacer formation prior to the SAS etch, tunnel oxide integrity is much improved and the source junction implant profile is much more uniform because the silicon around the source region is not gouged away.

Abstract: A method and system for determining the efficiency of operation of a dispatch unit in a processing system, the processing system including at least one performance monitor counter (PMC) and at least one monitor mode control register (MMCR) to configure the operations of the at least one PMC, includes counting a number of instructions dispatched by the dispatch unit during a predetermined sampling period, counting a number of times a predetermined number of instructions are dispatched by the dispatch unit per cycle during the predetermined sampling period, and determining the efficiency of the dispatch unit according to the counted number of instructions and the counted number of times the predetermined number of instructions are dispatched by the dispatch unit.

Abstract: A multiple fiber positioner (MFP) provides a micromachined structure that includes multiple V-grooves in silicon created via anisotropic etching for positioning optical fibers in splices and connectors. The MFP has a permanently bonded cover to provide a one-piece, stand-alone component. This MFP component is used to create new fiber optic splices and connectors.

Abstract: A circuit for modifying an instruction stream comprises a first logic circuit capable of issuing instructions and a second logic circuit means responding to the instructions. The circuit also includes a dynamic memory circuit which is responsive to the first logic and a dynamic memory means. The first logic circuit is capable of causing a refresh of the dynamic memory means by inserting a refresh instruction into a sequence of instructions.

Abstract: An optical element having an optical axis, and comprising a plurality of definable adjacent zones of optical material, each zone having a definable refractive index different from the refractive index of an adjacent zone and an Abbe number, the zones of optical materials being arranged parallel to each other to define a profile of refractive indices which is symmetric about a plane of symmetry along the optical axis of the element and parallel to the zones. In one embodiment the optical element is a spectrally invariant lens.

Abstract: Apparatus, method, and system aspects for providing efficient accesses to memory in a computer system, the computer system including a controller, are described. Included in the aspects are a random access memory array having a plurality of rows and columns and coupled to the controller, and a column selection mechanism coupled to the memory array and the controller with the column selection mechanism being divided into predetermined portions for providing column selection signals to access chosen portions of a row in the memory array. Further included as the column selection mechanism is a multiplexer. In one embodiment, the multiplexer is divided into halves and provides separate selection signals for accessing upper word halves and lower word halves of the random access memory.

Abstract: Contaminants are detected optically at concentrations below 1 part-per-million (ppm) and extending to a level approaching 1 part-per-trillion (ppt) by using intracavity laser spectroscopy (ILS) techniques. A solid-state laser with an ion-doped crystal medium contained in an optical resonator cavity (the ILS laser) is employed as a detector. A gas sample containing gaseous contaminant species is placed inside the optical resonator cavity and on one side of the ion-doped crystal. The output signal from the ILS laser is detected and analyzed to identify the gaseous species. The concentration of the gaseous species can be determined as well.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improving the throughput of the process for fabricating multilayer interconnects. Tungsten plugs, formed in contact/via openings etched in an interlayer dielectric, have been widely used in industry to form interconnection between different metal layers. An adhesion layer comprising a Ti/TiN stack is typically employed to support the adhesion of the tungsten plug in the contact/via openings. The present invention is directed to a process involving the formation of a Ti/TiN landing pad at the base of contact/via openings prior to the deposition of the interlayer dielectric. The process of the present invention enables the removal of the Ti under-layer and the reduction of the TiN thickness in the Ti/TiN stack. The throughput of the process for fabricating multilayer interconnects is thus greatly improved while the integrity of the devices are maintained.

Abstract: A lamp protection device includes a circuit to prevent a lamp from being switched on at full line voltage and which provides for the gradual heating of the filament to reduce the expansion rate of the filament. The circuit is connected to a switched alternating current power source and to an incandescent bulb. The circuit includes two silicon controlled rectifiers which are connected in reverse parallel configuration. One of the silicon controlled rectifiers being connected to a capacitor to prevent the full sinusoidal AC current from reaching the lamp until a time delay has expired after the lamp is turned on. A reference switch is connected to the other silicon controlled rectifier to permit the bulb to be turned on only when the AC voltage crosses zero.

Abstract: An electronic luminescence keyboard system in a portable device which includes a plurality of keypads and an illuminated panel which displays information responsive to the pressing of at least one of the plurality of keypads is disclosed. The improvement comprises a conductor element for conducting a portion of the light from the illuminated panel and illuminator element coupled to the conductor element for illuminating the plurality of keypads with the portion of the light from the illuminated panel. Through the use of a portion of the light from the display panel is utilized to illuminate the keyboard thereby allowing for observation of the keypads on the keyboard when the surrounding area is dimly lit. The ELK system has no effect on the power consumption on the portable device. In an embodiment the ELK system provides for backlighting the keyboard. In a second embodiment the ELK system provides light to a top portion of the keypads.

Abstract: The interconnects in a semiconductor device contacting metal lines includes a low resistance metal, such as copper, gold, silver, or platinum, and are separated by a material having a low dielectric constant, such as benzocyclobutene or a derivative thereof. A tri-layer resist structure is used, together with a lift-off process, to form the interconnects. The low dielectric constant material provides a diffusion barrier to the diffusion of the low resistance metal. The tri-layer resist includes a first layer of a dissolvable polymer, a second layer of a hard mask material, and a third layer of a resist material. The resulting structure provides an integrated circuit with increased speed and ease of fabrication.