Abstract: Enzymes are immobilized for use in non-aqueous enzymatic reactions by dehydrating hydrocolloid gel beads having an average particle size of 5 to 150 microns and a network structure capable of swelling in aqueous media, immersing or suspending the dehyrated gel beads in an aqueous solution of enzyme where the beads swell and imbibe the enzyme solution, optionally dehydrating the resultant enzyme-containing gel beads and recovering the gel beads containing the enzyme. In a specific method, the hydrocolloid is carrageenan such a kappa carragennan, the enzyme is subtilisin Carlsberg, the aqueous enzyme solution contains 0.05% to 40 wt % enzyme and the amount of enzyme imbibed is 0.05 to 0.5 grams of enzyme per gram of dehydrated gel beads.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for increasing by at least about 100% the viscosity of a carrageenan-containing dentifrice composition that comprises allowing the composition to quiescently cool from a temperature at or above about 45° C. The process may be applied to making toothpastes having suitable viscosity using carrageenan levels as low as about 0.05 weight percent. The dentifrice compositions are comprised of one or more of the following carrageenans: iota, modified kappa, or mixtures thereof. Toothpastes prepared using this method are easier to process and require much less carrageenan relative to similar viscosity toothpastes prepared by previous methods. This invention also pertains to certain toothpaste compositions having low levels of carrageenan including those made according to this process.

Abstract: A working solution for producing hydrogen peroxide, containing an alkylanthraguinone working compound dissolved in a solvent, is regenerated by contacting the working solution with a catalyst containing from 5% to 100% boehmite at a temperature of 25° C. to 150° C. At least a portion of the tetrahydro-alkylanthraquinone epoxide present in the working solution is converted to working compound to maintain the composition of the working solution within specified limits.

Abstract: A stable, high moisture toothpaste has now been developed that comprises a carrageenan binder that is at least 70% iota carrageenan, a calcium based-polishing agent, humectant, surfactant, water and optional additives and therapeutic actives used in dentrifice compositions. The calcium-based agent is present at a weight percent concentration in the range of about 35 to 50, the water is about 35 to 50%, the humectant is about 5 to 15%, the carrageenan is about 0.5 to 0.85%, and the surfactant is about 0.5 to 5%. The high moisture, low cost toothpaste that is provided has favorable physical properties such as good viscosity and stability without the need for additional binder which is optional.

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from elemental phosphorus by treating it with an oxidized form of iodine in a sufficient amount and for a sufficient time to obtain the amount of arsenic reduction desired. When iodine is the source of the oxidized iodine an oxidant is additionally used. An oxidant is optionally used when an oxidized iodine is used. The oxidant also reduces the amount of antimony present in the elemental phosphorus, and a dilute oxidant rinse removes any residual iodine source and also results in a water-white liquid phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for treating precious metal tailing slurries with Caro's acid, in which the Caro's acid is accompanied by reduced amounts of Caro's acid mist, is disclosed. The hot Caro's acid-containing mixture, formed by reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, is quenched with water to reduce or eliminate the Caro's acid mist. The resulting cooled and diluted mixture is introduced into a precious metal tailings slurry to reduce the amount of cyanide values in the slurry.

Abstract: The molecular weight of a polyolefin such as polypropylene is reduced, as evidenced by lowered viscosity and increased melt flow rate, by treatment with an inorganic peroxygen selected from metal persulfates, ammonium persulfates, and any mixtures thereof. The treatment avoids or minimizes the color or odor attendant treatment with organic peroxygens and the toxic products of organic persulfate decomposition, and avoids the special handling required with organic peroxides.

Abstract: Dilute, aqueous solutions of lower organic peracids are rapidly prepared by reacting the anhydride of the organic acid corresponding to the peracid with concentrated hydrogen peroxide to form an aqueous peracid mixture. Before equilibrium is attained, the mixture is diluted with water and hydrogen peroxide to produce an equilibrium mixture of organic acid, peracid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. The process can be carried out in 60 minutes or less and can be run either as a batch or as a continuous process.

Abstract: A method for repulping a wet strength paper is disclosed. Wet strength paper, which contains a wet strength resin, is agitated in water to form an aqueous slurry. An effective amount of a composition that contains a dry mixture of a persulfate and a base in the range of 90:10 to 10:90 is added either before or during agitation, and the slurry heated to produce pulp product for paper manufacture. The persulfate/base combination is capable of breaking down the wet strength resin and adjusting or maintaining the pH at a predetermined level without additional chemical treatment.

Abstract: Repulping and/or decolorizing formulations and mixtures which include a catalytic amount of a salt of a metal such as copper, iron, silver, or nickel; a persulfate; and from 0-10% saccharide. Formulations containing a carbonate, sesquicarbonate or bicarbonate for adjusting pH are preferred. A method of repulping and/or decolorizing broke, whether containing wet strength resin or not, using the formulations or mixtures of the ingredients in the formulations.

Abstract: The microetching and cleaning of copper clad substrates in printed wiring board production with solutions containing alkali metal persulfate and sulfuric acid is controlled to provide slower and more consistent copper etch rates by the presence of high proportions of alkali metal sulfate or an alkali metal sulfate/bisulfate mixture in the solutions, in a mole ratio of persulfate to sulfate or sulfate/bisulfate mixture of 1:0.1 to 1:10. When bisulfate is present with the sulfate, the sulfate will comprise at least about 10 mole % of the sulfate/bisulfate mixture. A surfactant may be present in the solutions to aid wettability on the copper clad substrates.

Abstract: An alkali metal peroxydisulfate or caroate can be used alone or in combination to destroy haloform present in an aqueous system. The destruction results in a reduction in the amount of haloform in the system. In another aspect, uv light and the peroxydisulfate and/or caroate can be used together to destroy the haloform present in the aqueous system.

Abstract: Repulping and/or decolorizing formulations and mixtures which include a catalytic amount of a salt of a metal such as copper, iron, silver, or nickel; a persulfate; and from 0-10% saccharide. Formulations containing a carbonate, sesquicarbonate or bicarbonate for adjusting pH are preferred. A method of repulping and/or decolorizing broke, whether containing wet strength resin or not, using the formulations or mixtures of the ingredients in the formulations.

Abstract: Composition and method of making bicaroate and bicaroate/dipersulfate mixtures which are stabilized, in dry form, with a coherent coating of sodium borosilicate. The borosilicate is formed in situ by the reaction of a sodium silicate and a sodium metaborate.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of high purity natamycin from fermentaion broth by extraction with methanol is disclosed. In one embodiment the process comprises the steps:(1) adding methanol to a natamycin feed stream comprising at least 2 g/L of solid suspended natamycin to form an extraction medium, and maintaining the extraction medium at a temperature of 0.degree.-25.degree. C., preferably not over 15.degree. C.;(2) adjusting the pH of the extraction medium to 1.0 to 4.5 while maintaining the temperature at 0.degree.-25.degree. C. for 0.5 to 30 hours, but preferably not over 0.5 hours when the temperature is 15.degree.-25.degree. C.;(3) removing solids from the extraction medium to form an extraction liquor;(4) raising the pH of the extraction liquor to 6.0-9.0; and(5) recovering precipitated natamycin.

Abstract: Purified and substantially pure &bgr;-carrageenan and processes for their preparation. Purified &bgr;-carrageenan can be obtained from a marine macroalga containing &bgr;-carrageenan and/or a precursor thereof by the steps of: A. where the macroalga contains a precursor of &bgr;-carrageenan, reacting the macroalga with an alkaline compound to convert the precursor to &bgr;-carrageenan, B. extracting carrageenan from the macroalga, C. treating the extracted carrageenan with an aqueous quaternary ammonium salt to form a precipitate and an aqueous solution, D. separating the solution from the precipitate, and E. isolating purified &bgr;-carrageenan from the solution. Substantially pure &bgr;-carrageenan can be obtained from purified &bgr;-carrageenan by the further steps of: F. forming a solution of purified &bgr;-carrageenan in water, G. contacting the solution with an ion exchange agent that removes carrageenan which contains sulfate ester from the solution, H.

Abstract: An inulin/colloidal hydrolyzed cellulose composition as a fat substitute. Processes for preparing an inulin/colloidal hydrolyzed cellulose composition by forming a paste or by spray drying. A fat substitute gel. A food containing inulin/colloidal hydrolyzed cellulose.

Abstract: A new and distinct variety of female holly plant, having great merit as a landscape plant due to its small dense foliage, its prolific production of berries, and its easy culture is herein described.

Abstract: A new and distinct variety of female holly plant, having great merit as a landscape plant due to its attractive foliage, heavy production of large berries, and adaptability to a wide range of growing conditions, is herein described.