Abstract: The use of high silica to alumina ratio large pore zeolites, in combination with a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, to convert Fischer-Tropsch heavy end products which may contain paraffins, olefins and oxygenates into low pour point distillates with high cetane number and extra high VI lube is described. The lube can be dewaxed by a conventional solvent process, by a catalytic process, or by increasing the severity of the hydroisomerization step.

Abstract: A sand consolidating method is provided for use in a borehole within an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated oil or gas reservoir which is likely to introduce substantial amounts of sand into the borehole and cause caving. After perforating the borehole's casing at an interval of the formation where sand will be produced, an aqueous silicate solution is injected into said interval. Next, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible hydrocarbonaceous liquid is introduced into the interval. Thereafter, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and inorganic salt or chelated calcium is injected into the interval. A permeability retentive silicate cement is formed in the interval. Injection of the aqueous silicate and organic solvent is continued until the interval has been consolidated by the silicate cement to an extent sufficient to prevent sand migration and thereby prevent caving.

Abstract: Reaction products of hydrocarbylsuccinic anhydrides, polyamines and triazoles, as exemplified by XRT 2143A, have been found to be effective rust/corrosion inhibiting, thermal stabilizing and superior dispersant additives with excellent cleanliness feature for fuels and lubricants. Enhanced antioxidancy is also observed upon boration of these reaction products.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 400.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate and an inorganic salt or a chelated calcium compound are injected into the higher permeability zone. A silicate cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 200.degree. F. are encountered. An aqueous solution of an organoammonium silicate, alkali metal or ammonium silicate is injected into a zone of higher permeability in a formation. Subsequently, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible organic solvent is directed into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate is injected into the higher permeability zone. A silica cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide-flooding, or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: A method for controlling the profile of a formation where temperatures higher than 200.degree. F. are encountered. Initially, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or organoammonium hydroxide is injected into a zone of greater permeability in a formation. Thereafter, a spacer volume of a water-miscible organic solvent is injected into said zone. Afterwards, a water-miscible organic solvent containing an alkylpolysilicate is injected into the greater permeability zone. A silica cement is formed in-situ thereby substantially closing off the higher permeability zone to fluid flow. Thereafter, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, carbon dioxide stimulation or fire-flooding EOR operation is commenced in a lower permeability zone.

Abstract: Reaction products of hydrocarbylcarboxylic anhydrides and aminoalkanols can provide effective antiwear, antirust, and corrosion-inhibiting properties in lubricant and fuel applications.

Abstract: Non-acidic tin-, lead-, or indium-modified Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts are effective catalysts for the shape selective preferential hydrogenation of certain aromatic hydrocarbons in admixture with others. These catalysts can be used to reduce the aromatic content of gasoline and distillates.

Abstract: Reaction products of hydrocarbylsuccinic anhydrides, hydroxyl-containing amines and triazoles have been found to be effective antirust, antioxidant, anti-corrosion, antiwear, dispersant/detergent and thermal color stabilizing additives.

Abstract: Alkyl ethers of sulfur-containing hydroxyl-derived aromatics have been found to be effective as high-performance synthetic lubricant base stocks with superior catalytic thermal/oxidative stabilities, excellent antiwear and load-carrying properties, as exemplified by bisphenol sulfide (BPS) based products. These ethers are also highly useful in fuel compositions.

Abstract: A method for forming a consolidated gravel pack in a washed-out interval is provided where a borehole penetrates an unconsolidated or loosely consolidated oil or gas reservoir which is likely to introduce substantial amounts of sand into the borehole. After perforating the borehole's casing at a washed-out interval of the formation, sand is introduced into the interval. Afterwards, an aqueous hydroxide solution is injected into said interval. Next, a spacer volume of a water-immiscible hydrocarbonaceous liquid slug is injected into the interval. Thereafter, a water-miscible organic solvent slug containing alkylpolysilicate is injected into the interval. A permeability retentive silica cement is formed in the interval thereby making a consolidated gravel pack. Injection of the aqueous hydroxide and alkylpolysilicate slugs is continued until silica cement has been deposited to an extent sufficient to exclude formation fines and sand.

Abstract: A method for the injection of a pre-determined volume of gel below a fracture pressure limit is described. The fracture pressure limit for an unfractured formation is the fracture initiation pressure. The pressure limit for a previously fractured formation is the fracture extension pressure. Initially, a desired gel is injected into a thief zone at a constant rate while maintaining the injection pressure below the limiting fracture pressure. When the injection pressure reaches the formation fracture pressure limit, gel injection is halted for a period of about 3 hours. Afterwards, the bottom hole pressure is allowed to decline and stabilize. Next, gel injection is resumed at the same rate and pressure used prior to halting the injection. If necessary gel injection can be halted when the formation's pressure limit is again reached. After a period of about 3 hours, injection of gel can be again commenced. These steps can be repeated until a pre-determined volume of gel has been placed into the thief zone.

Abstract: A procedure for the incorporation of sulfur into olefins which produces a non-staining, low odor, EP-active gear oil additive by reacting an olefin such as isobutylene with elemental sulfur in the presence of an aqueous solution of a strong base such as ammonia.

Abstract: Alkylated citric acid derivatives obtained as a reaction product of citric acid and an alkyl alcohol or an amine have been found to be effective antiwear and friction modifying additives for fuels and lubricants.

Abstract: A combination of Mannich type reaction products of ethoxylated alkylated phenol, and alkylated arylamine possess excellent antioxidant properties. The presence of alkylated phenol in the structure is believed to provide a synergistic antioxidant activity with the aromatic amine. Presence of the alkylated aromatic moiety is believed to provide enhanced lubricant solubility compared to unalkylated diphenylamine type antioxidants. Application of these synergistic mixtures of additives and synthetic base stocks in premium automotive and industrial lubricants will significantly enhance stability and extend service life.

Abstract: A method where gaseous carbon dioxide is used to provide gas lift of a thinned oil. Carbon dioxide is injected in intermittent slugs via an injection tubing that terminates in a productive interval of a formation. Carbon dioxide mixes with thinned oil in the productive interval thereby increasing gas lift and facilitating production of the oil to the surface.

Abstract: A process for acidizing a formation where variable density acids are utilized. A substantially low density non-reactive fluid is loaded into an interval of the formation to be treated. Afterwards, a high density first stage acid is injected into the interval. Thereafter, a low density spacer fluid is injected into the interval being treated. Next, a second stage high density acid having a density lower than the first stage acid is injected into said interval. Subsequently, a low density spacer is injected into the interval. Volume increments are repeatedly injected with decreasing fluid densities until a desired zone has been treated. The entire treatment is then overflushed with an inert high density fluid.

Abstract: Organic triazole-derived carboxylic acid-esters, and ester-amide-amine salts have been found to be effective antiwear additives for lubricants.

Abstract: A method for enhanced oil recovery in a reservoir having a substantial silicon content where an organosilicone surfactant is co-injected with steam to generate a foam. The organosilicone surfactant component of the foam prevents a dissolution of the silicon-containing formation since local equilibrium is assured. Prevention of formation dissolution reduces caving near the wellbore and minimizes permeability reduction away from the wellbore.

Abstract: Vinyl pyrrolidinone capped phosphorodithioates have been found to be effective multifunctional antiwear/antioxidant additives for lubricants.