Abstract: The invention relates to a cigarette paper having a low total filler content, 20% by weight of the paper or less, a proportion of the filler being a filler capable of effecting visible sidestream smoke reduction. The basis weight of the paper is about 30 g m.sup.-2 or more.Smoking articles made with such papers provide a synergistic sidestream smoke component reduction when compared with control cigarettes. Papers according to the invention with the addition of various burn additives are also described.

Abstract: A cylindrical helical seamed metal tube wherein the seam thereof is at an angle of between 1 and 25 degrees with respect to the axis of the tube. A method of making the tube comprises the steps of continuously feeding the metal strip into a tubing former to form the metal strip into a helical tube with the leading and trailing edges juxtaposed, the feeding such that the strip longitudinal axis is at a substantially constant acute angle with respect to the tube longitudinal axis of between 1 and 25 degrees. After the tube is substantially formed, applying pressure on at least the leading edge, leading portion, trailing edge and trailing portion in the direction of the cylindrical wall such that same substantially conform to the cylindrical wall. The juxtaposed leading and trailing edges are fused together to form a fused seam, and maintained in a juxtaposed position until the seam cools sufficiently to maintain the juxtaposed position. An apparatus for making the tube is also provided.

Abstract: Two types of tobacco are placed into and kept separate in an aqueous medium wherein water-soluble chemical components of each of the two types of tobacco are solubilized to form a tobacco extract. The two types of tobacco remain in the aqueous medium or tobacco extract until an equilibrium is reached of the solubilized chemical components in the aqueous medium. The two types of tobacco are then removed from the tobacco extract, dried separately, blended into a preselected ratio and cut into a preselected size for use in a cigarette smoking article. The tobacco extract may be subjected to other treatments to reduce the concentration of microflora and may be added back to the two types of tobacco prior to blending and cutting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for penetrating a well casing and surrounding earth strata includes the insertion of a flexible shaft having a ball cutter on an end thereof into upset tubing within a well casing. The upset tubing is provided with an elbow at its lower extremity for receiving the ball cutter therein. The flexible shaft is then rotated and the ball cutter cuts a hole in the well casing. The flexible shaft and ball cutter are then removed and a flexible tube having a nozzle blaster on an end thereof is then inserted into the upset tubing in the channel. A fluid of surfactant and water at high pressure is then pumped into the tube wherein the high pressure fluid passes through orifice in the spiral drill thereby cutting an extension into the previously cut channel. The tube is continually feed into the channel as the high pressure fluid continues to blast away the earth's strata. The channel is then cut a preselected distance from the well up to 200 feet and beyond.

Abstract: A device for collecting uncontaminated urine specimens from adult females, adult uncircumcised males and pediatric males. The device includes an elongated flexible tubular conduit member having a funnel-shaped opening at one end to be in sealing relationship with a urethra or glans penis and a discharge end to be received within a sample container. The sample container includes an opening with sealing means therein to receive the discharge end of the elongated flexible tubular conduit member in an open position to receive a urine specimen and in a closed position when the discharge end of the elongated flexible tubular conduit member is withdrawn.