Abstract: Acrolein acetals are selectively hydroformylated on the unsaturated carbon atom adjacent to the carbon bearing two ether groups in the presence of a supported rhodium-cobalt bimetallic cluster. The resulting internally hydroformylated product is useful as a precursor of methacrylic acid.

Abstract: An electrode assembly comprising an electroconductive support, an electrode body, and a flange extending from the body with a plurality of tabs. The flange is attached to the electroconductive support by fastening some but not all of the tabs to the support. This permits removal of the electrode by separating the electrode body from the tabs attached to the support. The electrode is reinstalled by fastening at least one of the remaining tabs to the support.

Abstract: The level of residual 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline monomer in polymers prepared therefrom can be reduced by reaction of the protonated salt of the monomer with a variety of nucleophiles. The products of the reaction with the monomer are much less toxic than the 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and the utility of the polymer is thereby enhanced. The reaction product of 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline and H.sub.2 SO.sub.3 is itself novel and useful.

Abstract: 2-Substituted-2-oxazolines are prepared by contacting N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)carboxamides with a small but catalytic amount of an organic zinc salt at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides have been found to be effective to inhibit during distillation the vinyl polymerization of a 2-isocyanatoalkyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid. For example, crude 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate was sparged with nitric oxide in nitrogen gas during distillation at 90.degree. C., so as to effect a concentration of nitric oxide in the gas phase of 376 parts per million by weight. Essentially pure 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate was recovered in 70 percent yield.

Abstract: New, highly reactive, polymerizable compounds are described, corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H or lower alkyl, Z is a linking entity which is a chemical bond, lower alkylene, lower alkylenedioxy, O or the like, m is an integer 2-3 and n is 0-10. They are prepared by reaction of the corresponding 3(methylthio)phenolic compounds with the appropriate 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene bromide and converting the resulting cyclic sulfonium bromide to the zwitterion by treatment with a strong base anion-exchange resin in hydroxide form. They polymerize in a few minutes at 30.degree.-50.degree. C. to form polymers useful as coatings.

Abstract: A process for hydrating a nitrile to the corresponding amide by contacting the nitrile in the presence of water with an essentially insoluble heterogeneous catalyst selected from the group consisting of unreduced and reduced cobalt oxide and unreduced and reduced cobalt-chromium oxide or mixture thereof.

Abstract: The process of the invention for preparing a N-(2-substituted aminoethyl)amide of the formula: ##STR1## comprises contacting one or more compounds of the formula: ##STR2## with an amine of the formula: ##STR3## wherein A is nitrogen or a quaternary nitrogen of the formula: ##STR4## wherein B is ##STR5## when A is nitrogen and B is ##STR6## when A is IV; whereinX.sup..crclbar. is a counterion;b is zero or one; andR.sub.1 -R.sub.9 are as defined in the specification.In a preferred embodiment, the process is catalyzed by a Lewis acid or a protonic acid with a non-nucleophilic counterion.

Abstract: A wood-polymer composite is prepared by impregnating a wood substrate with a liquid dicyclopentenyl acrylate or methacrylate monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R' and each R" are independently hydrogen, chloride or bromide, n is 0 or 1, and the dashed line is an optional chemical bond with the provisoes that when the dashed line is present, n is 0, and when the dashed line is absent, n is 1, and curing the resulting monomer-impregnated wood substrate by either heating same in the presence of a catalytic amount of a thermal initiator, such as a peroxide, or by exposing same to high-energy radiation, such as .gamma.-rays. The wood-polymer composite is relatively hard and shows good resistance to hydrocarbon attack.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for increasing the amount of grafted polymer formed during the production of polyamide-modified macroporous polystyrene/divinylbenzene cross-linked beads. Greater selectivity for oxazolination and/or oxazination (grafting) of the chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS) beads over homopolymer formation is achieved by forming an iodized cross-linked vinyl-addition polymer which is then contacted with an excess of oxazoline or oxazine until up to about 50 percent of said oxazoline or oxazine monomer is reacted. Subsequent hydrolysis of these polyamide-modified resins produces polyamine anion-exchange resins which exhibit greater than 2 times the weak base capacities of conventional anion-exchange resins.

Abstract: Flame retardant intumescent polyamides comprising repeating structural units of the formulas ##STR1## wherein X is independently chloro or bromo, and n and n' are each independently a positive integer are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds having activated methylene radicals are oxidized to various oxidation products by an improved process comprising contacting the compound with an oxidizing agent and a base of sufficient strength to deprotonate at least one hydrogen from the activated methylene radical in the presence of a catalytic amount of a synergistic combination of elemental carbon and a phase-transfer catalyst. For example, flourene is oxidized to flourenone by contacting the flourene with elemental oxygen and sodium hydroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of the synergistic combination of charcoal and benzyltriethyl-ammonium chloride.

Abstract: The catalytic method of preparing .alpha.-picoline from 5-oxohexanenitrile is improved by using as the catalyst carbon-supported palladium.

Abstract: The title compounds are useful vinyl polymerization initiators of high thermal stability and correspond to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an x-valent hydrocarbon whose chain length can be interrupted by one or more ether linkages, R' is an aliphatic moiety of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, R" is a tertiary hydrocarbon, and x is an integer of at least 2.

Abstract: The decomposition of chlorinated phenols, especially pentachlorophenol, during exposure to high temperatures (e.g., storage and distillation) is markedly reduced by incorporating into the molten chlorinated phenol at least about 0.25 percent by weight of said impure chlorinated phenol of at least one monohydric primary alcohol having at least 14 carbon atoms, one hydroxyl group, and devoid of any other heteroatoms or ether linkages; selected from the group consisting of straight-chain or branched monohydric primary alcohols or a mixture of said straight-chain or branched monohydric primary alcohols.

Abstract: .alpha.-Alkylstyrene impurities, such as isopropenylstyrene, are removed from styrene and nuclear alkyl derivatives of styrene, such as t-butylstyrene, containing the same by treatment with a strong acid cation exchange resin.

Abstract: In an improved process for preparing chlorinated phenol by the reaction of molten phenol with chlorine in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, the improvement comprises adding to the molten chlorinated phenol product, immediately on completion of the chlorination process, at least 0.5 weight percent of a glycol ether thereby inhibiting dioxin formation, inhibiting decomposition of the technical grade chlorinated phenol and most importantly, imparting mold release properties to the final product which is cast in corrosion-resistant molds, preferably stainless steel or plastic-lined steel molds.

Abstract: The title compounds are prepared by a convenient, one-step liquid process comprising contacting with agitation, a liquid mixture comprising both:(a) an oxime, and(b) an azo compoundwith an oxidizing amount of an aqueous alkali(ne earth) metal hypohalite. For example, stirring a liquid mixture of dimethylazodicarboxylate and benzaldoxime with aqueous sodium hypochlorite produces a good yield of dimethyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2,3,5-oxatriazole-2,3-dicarboxylate.

Abstract: A process for the removal of oxazole from acrylonitrile by contacting oxazole-containing acrylonitrile with a substantially dry cation exchange resin. The process exhibits the advantage of up to 40 percent or greater increase in the oxazole removal capacity than a corresponding process employing a water-wet cation exchange resin.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for the vaporization of a mixture of two liquefied gases in chemical equilibrium with a binary compound thereof includes a vertically disposed enclosed vessel having a lower liquid zone to which the mixture to be vaporized is supplied as a liquid from an external supply source and an upper vaporized gas zone from which gas can be removed for use. A vertically disposed heating element, which may be an electric heating element, steam tube, and the like, extends downwardly in the vessel through the vaporized gas zone and terminates above the portion of the liquid zone communicating with the liquid supply and is adapted to supply sufficient heat to vaporize a gaseous mixture from the liquid zone. A housing is disposed about the heating element in spaced relationship thereto and a heat transfer medium is contained within the space.