Abstract: To provide an indication that a predetermined amount of the energy of a cell has been used up, the positive electrode is formulated with two or more ingredients having different electrochemical potentials relative to the negative electrode. As each ingredient is used up, the voltage between the electrodes drops to the next potential difference, thereby indicating a predetermined quantity of energy has been used, and that the remaining reserve is at or less than the amount at which the voltage is predesigned to drop.The use of such a step voltage cell in a battery provides a measure of the condition of the battery when the voltage drops, due to the voltage drop in such pilot cell.

Abstract: An electrolyte salt containing a clovoborate anion structure when employed in an electrochemical cell comprising an active metal anode and an electrolyte solvent/cathode depolarizer has the characteristics of high potential and current capabilities at low temperatures and resists anode passivation during long time storage even at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: An extrudible hot melt adhesive material is utilized in a low cost vent for an electrochemical cell to relieve abnormal pressure formed during improper use of the cell. The extrudible hot melt adhesive material is suitably joined or bonded to a member used to provide a cell top, and covers and fills a vent hole formed in the member. Material is extruded through the vent hole by abnormal pressure to open the vent hole and allow the abnormal pressure to be released through the opened vent hole. The venting pressure can be predetermined by varying vent hole diameter, amount of adhesive, and the composition of the filler adhesive material with respect to viscosity.

Abstract: A zinc wire coil is wound as a helix on a conducting support such as a copper or brass wire or rod, and the unit amalgamated in a mercuric salt solution to form a rigid anode element; in a cell such anode maintains substantially uniform spacing between anode and cathode to maintain substantially uniform current flow distribution.Using a multi-strand cable, or multiple layers of zinc wires for the helix permits predetermined percentage ratio of porosity to volume of anode.

Abstract: The solubility and reactivity of CrO.sub.3 with the commonly used non-aqueous organic electrolytes used for high voltage electrochemical cells is overcome by forming an intercalation compound of CrO.sub.3 with graphite. The cathodes of such intercalation compounds, methods of making same and cells containing such electrodes are described. In addition it has been found that cells containing such CrO.sub.3 cathodes are readily rechargable and thus provide an excellent secondary battery.

Abstract: An electric cell with a plastic seal prone to cold-flow from pressure areas, combined with an elastomeric prone to corrosive action from organic electrolyte, so the plastic will protect the elastomeric, while the elastomeric will compensate for the cold-flow.

Abstract: Solid electrolyte cells comprising high-potential electrochemical anodes, solid electrolytes and metal chalcogenides selected from the group consisting of sulfides, selenides and tellurides as active cathode material.

Abstract: A construction which minimizes damage to alkaline electrolyte batteries due to electrolyte leakage caused by extreme variations in temperature is disclosed. The batteries comprise a multiplicity of individually sealed cells, arranged in electrically connected stacks, each stack being disposed in a moisture-proof plastic container and/or cup filled with an encapsulating resin in the entire space within the cup, with the encapsulated assembly being housed in a metal outer container. The cells within each stack and each stack itself is thus isolated, thereby minimizing any damage that might result from inter-cell leakage, from interstack leakage, and from leakage that would corrosively affect associated equipment in an assembled apparatus, due to extreme temperature variations, especially under high humidity conditions.

Abstract: A battery case for containing several cells as a battery, and having battery terminals, within the case contour and accessible through windows, to be engaged by external receiving terminals of an apparatus to be served; with the battery terminals arranged to apply proper polarity, whether the case is applied right side up, or in inverted mode, at random.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte cell is disclosed containing a lithium anode, a solid electrolyte of the lithium halide type and a cathode-active material consisting of a metal halide and a metal chalcogenide, said metals being selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, mercury, tin, lead, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

Abstract: An anode riser assembly for an anode means comprising an anode riser means and polymeric means substantially adhered to the anode riser to minimize the ingression of electrolyte means to the anode riser. The anode riser means is made of a film-forming metal and, preferably, does not have a myriad of intercommunicating voids therein. The polymeric means, preferably a polyester material having affixed thereto the trademark Mylar (a trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) which is chemically inert to the action of the electrolyte means and has high dielectric strength, substantially adheres to and follows the surface contour of the anode riser means to provide an interface therebetween into which is minimized the ingression of electrolyte means adapted to be cooperatively associated with the anode means. The anode riser assembly is especially adapted for use with anode means in either a dry or wet electrolytic capacitor.The invention also contemplates a method of making the anode riser assembly.

Abstract: A method, a cell, an electrolyte and an additive for the non-dendritic deposition of lithium is described.The additive which causes the non-dendritic deposition of lithium from non-aqueous electrolytes and particularly organic electrolytes is a metal, reducible by lithium and capable of forming lithium-rich metallics or alloys.

Abstract: A permanent magnet is carried by two sections of a hub, the sections being bonded together by welding.

Abstract: A driver member rotates at a constant speed through and past 360.degree. and a driven member responsive to the rotation of the driver member rotates at an increasing or decreasing speed during a major portion of the 360.degree. rotation, there being a means maintaining the driver and driven members in engagement during and past 360.degree. rotation.

Abstract: An electric cell with a lithium/sulphur-dioxide electrolyte complex, corrosive and potentially dangerous, and having automatic protective structural features responsive to excessive internal temperatures or pressures that would be due to internal fault conditions or to external short-circuit conditions, with those protective features serving to selectively vent the cell or to break the internal cell circuit, to prevent explosive rupture of the cell and consequent possible damage to personnel in the adjacent surrounding environment by the corrosive ingredients of the cell.

Abstract: A battery cartridge having a hollow shell case with walls of minimum thickness, and of minimum weight and dimensions, over the minimum weight and volume dimensions of the contained battery cells, for use in portable devices such as radios, cameras, computers and the like, to thereby limit the space requirements of the cartridge and to limit the weight in excess of the cell weights.