Abstract: A method and system for determining optimum ignition times with regard to engine operation in which the engine is commanded, at regular, short-time intervals, to operate under conditions which cause knocking in order to be able to sense the knock limit. This is achieved, following the occurrence of a characteristic operating parameter in conjunction with a knock signal, at a frequency which is preferably significant, by storing an appropriately-corrected ignition-time value in a set of correction data, this ignition-time value lying somewhat beneath the knock limit. If the same characteristic operating parameter recurs, an optimum ignition time is accordingly indicated, which lies slightly beneath the knock limit. This procedure enables the engine to be operated under conditions which are optimum with regard to fuel consumption, without entering the knocking range with excessive frequency.

Abstract: A hospital bed which includes a bed frame consisting of a center bed frame section and of a head bed frame section and foot bed frame section pivotal relative to the center bed frame section; the bed frame is supported relative to a chassis by way of a first intermediate yoke-like frame structure providing pivotal movement in either direction of the bed frame about a single transverse axis; the first intermediate frame structure is pivotally connected with a second intermediate frame structure to provide tilting about a longitudinal axis; the second intermediate frame structure which consists of a parallelogram-linkage system provides for height adjustments of the bed frame and is so constructed and arranged as to permit the bed frame to assume a nearly vertical position with the foot bed frame section at the bottom without interference from the transverse bearer member of the chassis.

Abstract: For fastening a cover part at a frame part in which both parts have at least a metallic frame structure, spherical segments formed out of the frame part with fasteners in the form of balls are provided while the counter fasteners are constructed as collars which are components of the cover part and extend angularly bent in the direction of the frame part. After inverting the collars over the balls, each collar is pressed flat by a predetermined amount under straightening during a pressing operation in which the frame part serves as supporting surface so that at the end of the deformation operation, the collar is supported at the ball.

Abstract: A glass pane adhesively fastened in the frame of an automobile body by means of an elastomeric polymerized adhesive, which is provided on its surface within the adhesive area with a conductor strip provided with electrical connections that on its side facing the adhesive carries a separating layer of a thermally meltable or fusible material such as soft solder or thermoplastic. For purposes of disassembly of the pane, a current is caused to flow through the conductor strip so that the conductor strip heats up, the separating layer melts and the pane can be disassembled without difficulties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preforming a substantially flat blank of an open clamp adapted to be mechanically interconnected near the free ends thereof into a circular clamp having a configuration at least approximately the configuration of the clamp when installed about an object to be fastened onto a relatively fixed, generally circular part; as the flat blank is being fed through the machine, it is preformed into a generally circular shape with the free ends thereof axially spaced from one another; the pair of rollers feeding the blank may also be so shaped in their external contours that the lateral edges of the blank are bent out in the generally radial direction; additionally the blank is automatically stopped after an initial short feed through the machine to permit stamping of a predetermined part of the flat blank; the entire operation which is preferably pneumatically controlled is thereby automatically cyclically operated as soon as a flat blank is inserted into the machine a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A multi-purpose passenger motor vehicle with a rear door that accommodates a lowerable rear window. The rear roof section is movably arranged, preferably in the form of a sliding roof. The rear door is pivotally connected in the upper rear end areas of the vehicle body. This vehicle is characterized by a greater utilization area.

Abstract: A fluid flow engine for converting flow energy into useful energy, which includes essentially identically constructed structural parts moving in the same direction along an endless circulatory path. The circulatory path is guided or determined by way of at least two guide rollers whereby the circulatory path and/or the structural parts are in force-transmitting engagement with the guide rollers within the deflection area of the rollers. The structural parts are constructed as compact blades in the manner of the gas turbine technology and in operation produce a rotary drive of the guide rollers during the occurrence of flow energy; for example, an electric generator may be coupled to the guide rollers.

Abstract: A service-interval display for motor vehicles, which generates a signal when a limiting parameter value is reached. Total fuel consumption serves as the basic parameter instead of the distance travelled, previously employed. Other parameters may serve to modify the generation of the signal to cause an earlier or later warning to be displayed.

Abstract: A burner for cleaning accumulated soot from a soot filter associated with the exhaust of internal combustion engines, the burner is simple from a constructional viewpoint and especially effective with respect to initiation and maintenance of a soot-burning process in the soot filter. The burner includes a fuel nozzle, air nozzle, and glow plug arranged in a predetermined succession in the flow direction of the air introduced into the burner chamber. An especially intensive intermingling of the fuel-air mixture for the burner and/or for the soot filter is obtained by producing a turbulent flow by means of the air nozzle.

Abstract: A clamp structure with a clamping band having open ends and a mechanical interconnection of the open ends of the band that include at least two outwardly extending hooks in the inner band portion adapted to engage in apertures in the outer band portion; at least one of the hooks is a cold-deformed support hook and another one of the hooks is a generally circumferentially extending combined guide and support hook which has an inclined guide and support surface operable to initially engage with the corresponding aperture in the outer band portion so as to guide the inner and outer band portions toward one another while at the same time absorbing circumferentially directed tightening forces until the cold-deformed support hook becomes effective in also absorbing tightening forces by engagement of its abutment surface with the corresponding aperture.

Abstract: A wheel suspension, especially a front wheel suspension for motor vehicles, in which the wheel carriers of mutually oppositely disposed wheels are connected each with a guide member, especially with a cross guide member which is pivotally connected at the body displaceable in the vertical direction by the interposition of a shock absorber. The cross guide member of each wheel is connected with the free end of a leaf spring, especially of a leaf spring of a fibrous material, which extends transversely to the vehicle longitudinal axis and is supported at the vehicle body. The free ends of the leaf spring are connected with the cross guide members at a distance with respect to the latter by way of interposed guide arms. The guide arms are retained in elastic bearings relatively movably and pivotally to the cross guide members and include at their ends opposite these bearings, clamping devices for clampingly fastening the leaf spring.

Abstract: A diesel engine with an injection pump coordinated to each cylinder. The pump piston (13) of each injection pump is actuated by a cam (15) of a camshaft (12) by way of a roller tappet (14). Each roller tappet (14) is arranged in an individual tappet guide member (16) which is axially adjustably supported by means of two coaxial cylindrical guide pins (17, 18) in corresponding openings (19, 20) of the cylinder crankcase (11). By means of this arrangement, the position between cam (15) and roller tappet (14) and therewith the delivery start of the injection pump is adjustable by displacement of the tappet guide member (16). A universal applicability for diesel engines with different cylinder numbers is achieved by the individual arrangement of the tappet guide members (16), whereby additionally a simple manufacture and assembly is realized.

Abstract: An aerodynamic fairing, made of a plastic material, for the outer laterally disposed longitudinally extending members, i.e., rocker panels, of bodies for passenger cars and utility-type motor vehicles, which, in conjunction with the outer wall of the longitudinal members, form a closed hollow body; in order to be able to extend a fairing of this type as far in the downward direction as is necessary for aerodynamic reasons, yet minimize the risk of damage to the fairing, the construction according to the present invention is such that the fairing comprises an upper zone, made of a plastic material which is comparatively dimensionally stable or form-rigid, and of a lower zone which can be elastically deformed and which is fastened to the upper zone in a preferably detachable manner, and in that the lower zone enables a reduction in its height in the event of contact with the ground by including predetermined flexing points or intentional bending places which facilitate such a height reduction.

Abstract: A testing installation for electric circuits of a motor vehicle, in which input signals are converted in a common central control unit into output signals for switching different loads; the testing installation includes a generator which produces signals at least similar to the output signals of the control unit and feeds the same cyclically to the loads or the switches thereof; as a result, only the critical portion of the electric circuits is switched and the functioning ability thereof is tested optically or acoustically without further auxiliary means.

Abstract: A 4/3-directional control valve with a tubularly shaped valve housing that includes along its longitudinal dimension a central return connection to a reservoir tank for hydraulic liquid, to the left and right of the return connection a working connection to the front and backside of a hydraulic piston disposed symmetrically thereto as well as a pump connection to a pump supplying a constant pressure; these hydraulic connections are adapted to be controlled by two oppositely operating control pistons having a coil spring disposed therebetween, whose end faces are adapted to be acted upon with pump pressure by electromagnetically actuated pilot valves; the volume of the hydraulic liquid which is displaced at one piston side during the left respective right movement of the hydraulic piston, reaches the other piston side by way of the two working connections.

Abstract: A control for the engagement and disengagement of an exhaust gas turbocharger in which the charging air pressure of the internal combustion engine is used as control magnitude for the engagement and disengagement. Unfortunately, this charging air pressure exhibits oscillations with large amplitudes after each engagement and disengagement which could trigger faulty shifting operations in the control. To alleviate this problem, the control line (44) between the charging-air line and the control slide valve members (40, 41) is always closed off when these oscillations occur and their negative effects on the control are thereby prevented.

Abstract: A flexible bearing connects a wheel carrier of a motor vehicle to a wheel guide member and possesses a cylindrical screw bolt which is retained on the wheel carrier and extends freely away from the bearing, the bolt carrying a bearing body which is shock-absorbing in a radial direction and which receives the wheel guide member. The bearing body is attached by means of a cylindrical bore of an inner sleeve onto a radially prestressed metal sleeve which is slotted over its entire length, the sleeve being arranged on the screw bolt with a slight radial play and which projects into a cylindrical bore in the wheel carrier receiving the screw bolt. When the screw bolt is in the tensioned state, the inner sleeve of the bearing body rests frictionally by means of one of its end faces against a bearing face of the wheel carrier carrying the screw bolt. The metal sleeve forms a resilient intermediate member and is located between the inner sleeve and the screw bolt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for checking sensors, in which the measurement signals, electrically detected in a checking unit and representative of the operating conditions of an internal combustion engine, are statically monitored. The measurement signals are checked with respect to whether their physical measured values are technically significant and lie within the permissible range and if an error is detected, a measure is initiated which counteracts this error; the cyclically detected measurement signals are thereby checked with respect to a change in their measured values from one sampling cycle to a successive one and are accepted only if the change in measured values is within permissible limits. Stochastic disturbances are gated out of the measurement signal and registered and tolerated up to a significant limit. If faulty measurement signals are detected, an emergency operating procedure is activated which counteracts this fault.

Abstract: A one-armed ejection lever of a coining press is adapted to be controlled in one end section directly by the coining ram by way of a connecting rod and in the other end section by an operating piston-cylinder unit. The center portion of the ejection lever is placed by way of a pressure bolt against the projecting end of an ejection rod. The abutment pressure is produced by the operating piston-cylinder unit whereby the ejection coining die is able to yield by way of the ejection rod, for example, in case two pieces to be coined are in the coining tool in order to avoid damages. For multiple coining, it is additionally possible to act upon the operating piston cylinder unit in the opposite direction and to effect therewith an intentional lifting-off of the pressure bolt from the ejection rod.