Abstract: Apparatus for the control of boundary layer fluids by a suction technique, the said apparatus being adapted to form part of or attach to a fluid dynamic surface and comprising; a sandwich skin material consisting of at least two layers, an outer layer of which is in use positioned adjacent to the boundary layer fluid, the said layers of material bounding internal intercommunicating passageways to allow in use the movement of fluid to substantially all areas within the material, the outer layer being provided with a plurality of holes communicating with the internal passageways of the said sandwich skin material and a plurality of hoods or steps being fixedly attached to the outer layer of the material located such that in use said hoods or steps are downstream of said plurality of holes and each upstream of and shielding an opening in said outer layer and communicating with at least one of said internal intercommunicating passageways.

Abstract: A cryoprobe instrument for endoscopic use has been provided that permits the delivery of liquid or gaseous cryogens in the form of a spray. In an embodiment, the cryoprobe instrument includes an elongated, flexible tube having a fluid passage defined therethrough; a proximal connector portion provided at the proximal end of the tube for coupling the tube to a pressurized source of cryogenic refrigerant; and a nozzle tip mounted to the distal end of the tube. The nozzle tip has an outlet orifice constructed and arranged such that through the Joule-Thompson effect, cryogenic refrigerant exiting through the outlet orifice rapidly and substantially expands and cools.

Abstract: In an illuminating device for vehicles in which a light conductor made of light transmissive material having a predetermined light refractive index is placed between an outgoing light end of an optical cable and an incident light end of a lens body. The light conductor is shaped so as to cover the whole surface of the outgoing light end of the optical cable practically as well as to have an outgoing light surface shaped suitable for defining an illumination pattern. The lens body has the incident light end shaped to cover satisfactorily the outgoing light surface of the light conductor. Thus, the luminous flux from the outgoing light surface is emitted forward based on its shape as luminous flux of the desired light distribution without the waste of the luminous flux.