Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound which is the hydroxylammonium or lower alkyl hydroxylammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, together with processes for preparation thereof. One process comprises a two-step reaction comprising: (a) reacting 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with an aqueous alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, and (b) reacting said alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with an aqueous solution of hydroxylammonium salt or lower alkyl-substituted hydroxylammonium salt to form the hydroxylammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical process for the removal of excess or residual nitric acid from aqueous hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) solutions. The process utilizes a multi-compartment electrochemical membrane cell in which the HAN solution flows through a central ion exchanging compartment bounded by anion membranes on either side. Electrochemically generated OH-ions formed at the cathode are used to displace and remove the nitric acid from the HAN solution. In use, the residual nitric acid content in the HAN is suitably reduced to a specified safe level before the HAN is concentrated to a 13.0 molar final composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for coating a substrate which comprises contacting the substrate with a low volatility organic (so-called "low VOC") coating composition having a viscosity as measured by ZAHN cup 2 of less than about 200 seconds and consisting essentially of at least one polyisocyanate prepolymer which is the reaction product of a polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoahls, polyols, imines, oxazolidines, and combinations thereof, a solvent in an amount of between 0% and 45% by weight based upon the amount of said polyisocyanate in said composition, and a tertiary amine catalyst, said composition being essentially free of any volatile mono- and di-isocyanates, and said composition being moisture curable upon exposure to atmospheric moisture. Also claimed is the coating composition itself.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an antimicrobial effective amount of a biocide selected from the group consisting of aromatic 2-N-hydroxy-thiourea and N-hydroxy-quinazolinone, and derivatives and combinations thereof, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of soaps, shampoos, skin-care medicaments, cosmetics, plastics and paints. Also disclosed is a novel process for making the biocide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acid dye-leveling composition comprising a piperazine substituted organosulfonate that is useful for imparting a dye leveling characteristic to fibers prior to, or during, the fiber dyeing operation. Also described is a process for preparing the dye-leveling composition, as well as a process for using the composition in the dyeing of fibers. The composition is particularly useful for treating polyamide fibers, such as nylon, but is also suitably used in the treatment of silk, wool, and other synthetic and natural fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the polyurethane-forming reactivity of a propylene oxide-based ethylene oxide-free polyol produced using a double metal cyanide complex catalyst by incorporating therein a minor amount of a base prior to employing the polyol in a polyurethane-forming reaction. Also claimed is the base-containing polyol composition produced in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: Aromatic nitration reactions and, more specifically, a process for nitrating toluene to produce dinitrotoluene in the absence of any dipolar aprotic solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of spandex fibers made from segmented polyurethane(urea)s which are prepared from low unsaturation-containing polyols made by polymerizing alkylene oxides in the presence of a double metal cyanide complex catalyst. With the low unsaturation-containing polyols, spandex fibers can be prepared that have better physical properties than fibers prepared with PTMEG polyols.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell construction in which the cell includes at least one anode and cathode, and a separator therebetween held under a compressive force by a frame assembly. The anodes and cathode are provided with a portion for electrical connection to an electric connector plate. The electric connector plate is positioned in contact with a respective anode and cathode. The compressive force of the frame assembly which holds the components of the cell in compression to provide a fluid tight seal simultaneously serves to apply a force between the electrical connector plates and their respective anode or cathode to hold the electrical connector plates in contact therewith. Preferably spring means are provided for biasing the electrical connector plates and the portions of the anode and cathode for connection to the plate into engagement with each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of an isocyanate comprising (a) reacting an amide with an aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid in the presence of an water-immiscible organic solvent to produce an N-chloro amide; and (b) reacting said N-chloro amide with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst and a water immiscible organic solvent to produce an isocyanate.

Abstract: Energetic binders, and, more specifically, a class of nitramine-containing polyether polymers characterized by favorable viscosity and glass transition temperature, as well as resistance to hydrolysis are prepared.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for minimizing or reducing the amount of residual free hydrazine in polymer latices. The process is particularly useful in the manufacture of hydrogenated nitrile rubber which is resistant to oxidative degradation at high temperatures, as well as resistant to corrosive environments such as acid environments. Nitrile rubbers are useful in the manufacture of fan belts, seals, gaskets, and hoses in increasingly small and hot-running car engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to paints and paint bases, and, more specifically to a process and composition for providing a stable gel-free dispersion of zinc pyrithione plus cuprous oxide biocide in paint. In accordance with the process of the present invention, the paint or paint base contains an amine treated wood rosin in order to impart desired gelation-inhibition to the paint.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a moisture curable silyl-terminated polymer which comprises the steps of: (a) reacting a terminally-unsaturated monol (preferably a polyether or polyester monol) with a polyfunctional hydroxyl-reactive compound selected from the group consisting of polyisocyanates and organic polacyl compounds in a molar ratio of one mole of monol for each equivalent of functionality on said polyfunctional hydroxyl-reactive moiety, to provide a terminally-unsaturated polymer having terminal unsaturation at each end thereof; and (b) reacting said terminally-unsaturated polymer with a dialkoxyalkylsilane to form a dialkoxyalkylsilylterminated polymer capable of curing upon contact with moisture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multi-step process for isolating a cyclotrimerized isocyanate from mixture containing said cyclotrimerized isocyanate plus an isocyanate oligomer which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting said mixture with a liquid solvent to provide a solvent-containing mixture, (b) extracting said solvent-containing mixture by liquid-liquid extraction to cause said solvent-containing mixture to elute into an extractate and a residue, wherein said extractate is a cyclotrimerized isocyanate that is essentially oligomer-free and is further characterized by having reduced viscosity relative to said solvent-containing mixture, and (c) separating uncyclotrimerized monomer from said extractate to provide a reduced viscosity trimer product that is essentially free of monomer. Also disclosed is the reduced-viscosity product produced by this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising an antimicrobial effective amount of a biocide selected from the group consisting of aromatic 2-N-hydroxy-thiourea and N-hydroxy-quinazolinone, and derivatives and combinations thereof, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of soaps, shampoos, skin-care medicaments, cosmetics, plastics and paints. Also disclosed is a novel process for making the biocide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous conductive polymer thick film-forming composition comprising a water-soluble thermoplastic polymer, a polymer dispersion in water, a glycol drying-retarder agent, an electrically conductive amount of conductive metal and/or carbon particles and water. The composition in the production of a highly printable conductive thick film ink.

Abstract: A compound selected from the group consisting of 3,5-diphenyl- and substituted 3,5-diphenyl-1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones, and combinations thereof. Also disclosed is a process for producing the compound and an antimicrobial composition comprising the compound and at least one component selected from the group consisting of soaps, shampoos, skin care medicaments, cosmetics and paints.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the polyurethane-forming reactivity of a propylene oxide-based ethylene oxide-free polyol produced using a double metal cyanide complex catalyst by incorporating therein a minor amount of a base prior to employing the polyol in a polyurethane-forming reaction. Also claimed is the base-containing polyol composition produced in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for imparting biocidal protection to clothing or other fabrics which comprises contacting the clothing or other fabrics with a biocidally effective amount of pyrithione acid, or salt(s) thereof, or combinations thereof, in an automatic laundry dryer. Also disclosed is a transfer substrate containing a biocide consisting essentially of pyrithione acid, or salt(s) thereof, or combinations thereof, said biocide being present in or on said transfer substrate in an amount sufficient to impart antimicrobial activity to clothing or other fabric in an automatic clothes dryer.