Abstract: Continuous filament yarn of textile utility has slubs formed at randomly spaced intervals along the length of the yarn, with each filament having a main body section extending along the length of the filament and at least one wing member extending from the main body section along such length, the wing member of the filament rising and falling in wave-like manner along the main body section only within the area of the aforementioned randomly spaced intervals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel coating composition which contains a coalescent. The coating composition comprises a latex of a normally solid organic addition polymer and a coalescing amount of an ether-ester solvent having formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## where R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R' represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, and n is 1 or 2. Preferred coalescents include 2-ethoxyethyl p-toluate, 2-ethoxyethyl benzoate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl p-toluate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate, 2-propoxyethyl o-toluate, 2-propoxyethyl benzoate, 2-ethoxyethyl o-toluate, 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl benzoate and mixtures thereof. In preferred embodiments, the organic addition polymer comprises an acrylic homopolymer or copolymer. The coating composition preferably comprises about 5-50 parts by weight of the ether-ester solvent per 100 parts of the organic addition polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to new linear polyester waxes which contain as the acid member at least about 75 mol percent 1,12-dodecanedioic acid. The polyester waxes may be viscous liquids, amorphous or semicrystalline solids with melting points less than about 100.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful as modifiers for ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer based adhesives and as additives to improve the hardness of polyolefin coatings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic process for the preparation of tetrahydropyran by the homologation of tetrahydrofuran. The process comprises reacting tetrahydrofuran with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprising ruthenium, rhodium, and, preferably, a halide promoter.

Abstract: This invention concerns azo dyes having the general formula ##STR1## and their preparations in which X, Y and Z are H or any of a variety of substituents, provided that at least one of X and Y must always be a substituent selected from --CN, --NO.sub.2, --CHO, and other selected groups specified herein, and A is the residue of an aniline, tetrahydroquinoline or benzomorpholine type disperse dye coupling component. These dyes which are unexpectedly non-photochromic produce red to blue shades on polyester fibers and exhibit one or more improved properties such as dyeability, dye exhaustion rate, light fastness, non-blooming, pH stability, build, fastness to ozone and nitrogen oxide, crock and wash fastness, migration, transfer, and pH stability on polyester and other fibers including cellulose ester.

Abstract: The process for preparing 4-isopropylphenol (4-IPP) from 2-isopropylphenol (2-IPP) comprising contacting phenol with 2-IPP in the presence of a catalyst system selected from: (1) the combination of sulfuric acid on comminuted acid clay and a molecular sieve; and (2) trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TFMSA); at a temperature of from about 90.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., preferably from about 110.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., wherein the initial mole ratio of phenol/2-IPP is from about 6 to about 2, preferably from about 4 to about 2.5, for a sufficient period to give a mole ratio of 4-IPP/2-IPP in the reaction system of from about 0.6 to about 1.5, and preferably from about 0.8 to about 1.2, without significant meta-isopropylphenol formation, i.e., less than about 10 mole %. In the isolation procedure, distillation separates the reaction mixture into phenol, 2-IPP, and 4-IPP.

Abstract: This invention relates to new emulsifiable polyester waxes which are linear polyester waxes which are end capped with polyfunctional organic anhydrides. The emulsifiable polyester waxes are generally amorphous or semicrystalline solids with melting points less than about 100.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful in preparing clear emulsions which can be applied to surfaces to form protective and decorative films or coatings.

Abstract: Bonding compositions for bonding polyesters or copolyesters to poly(vinyl alcohol) or copolymers thereof, the composition comprising a poly(esteramide) having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.8 dl/g, said poly(esteramide) containing repeating units from at least 70 mol percent of a dicarboxylic acid selected from pimelic, azelaic, sebacic acid or combinations thereof and optionally up to 30 mol percent of a second linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having at least four carbon atoms connected linearly between the two acid groups or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid; repeating units from 10 mol percent to 30 mol percent of a diamine selected from 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,4-cyclohexanebismethylamine or combinations thereof; and repeating units from 90 to 70 mol percent of a glycol selected from ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides containers having unexpectedly superior gas barrier properties. The containers are formed from specified polyamides which comprise an aliphatic diamine and a diacid component which comprises a dicarboxylic acid containing a hetero atom.

Abstract: Bonding compositions for bonding polyesters or copolyesters to poly(vinyl alcohol) or copolymers thereof, the composition comprising a poly(esteramide) having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.8 dl/g, said poly(esteramide) containing repeating units from 70 to 90 mol percent of a dicarboxylic acid selected from adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic acid or combinations thereof and 10 to 30 mol percent of a second linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having at least four carbon atoms connected linearly between the two acid groups or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid; repeating units from 10 mol percent to 30 mol percent of a diamine selected from 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,4-cyclohexanebismethylamine or combinations thereof; and repeating units from 90 to 70 mol percent of a glycol selected from ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or combinations thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to new branched polyester waxes which contain particular amounts of tri- or tetrafunctional hydroxyl containing compounds. The branched polyester waxes may be semicrystalline or crystalline solids with melting points less than about 200.degree. C. These polyester waxes are useful as modifiers for ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer based adhesives and as additives to improve the hardness of polyolefin coatings.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel anthraquinone compounds containing tetra-p-phenylenediamine substituents, particularly useful in molding type polyester compositions and possessing strong infrared absorptivity. This property renders these compounds attractive as additives for increasing the infrared energy absorptivity of polyesters either from high intensity quartz lamps or from certain laser systems. These compounds are particularly useful in bottle polyester material for increasing the blow-mold parison reheat rate, and in the printing of plastic articles with lasers.

Abstract: This invention relates to normally solid linear polyester waxes which contain from about 5 to about 50 mol percent of a mixture of aliphatic dibasic acids which are chemically combined in the polyester molecule. The polyester waxes may be substantially amorphous solids or low-melting solids with melting points up to about 200.degree. C. and a heat of fusion of less than 7 cal/g. These polyester waxes are useful in preparing coating compositions for extrusion coating of paper, paperboard, or metal foils such as aluminum foil or in the lamination of these substrates.

Abstract: Bonding compositions for bonding polyesters or copolyesters to poly(vinyl alcohol) or copolymers thereof, the composition comprising a poly(esteramide) having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.45 dl/g, said poly(esteramide) containing repeating units from at least 80 mol percent of a dicarboxylic acid selected from pimelic, azelaic, sebacic acid or combinations thereof and optionally up to 20 mol percent of a second linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having at least four carbon atoms connected linearly between the two acid groups or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid; repeating units from 5 mol percent to 20 mol percent of 1,2-ethanediamine; and repeating units from 95 to 80 mol percent of a glycol selected from ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or combinations thereof. Also disclosed are shaped articles comprising a polyester polymer layer and a poly(vinyl alcohol) layer, the layers being bonded together with bonding compositions of this invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing lower fatty acid esters of cellulose which comprises esterifying at a temperature of between about 75.degree. C. and about 110.degree. C. a cellulose compound having esterifiable hydroxyl groups with an esterifying bath comprising an organic acid anhydride, a diluent, and a catalyst comprising from 0.2 to 2.0 parts phosphoric acid, from 0.1 to 1.2 parts sulfuric acid, and from 0.05 to 0.6 parts of a hindered aliphatic alcohol by weight per 100 parts of the cellulose to be esterified.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyester compositions derived from about 65-100 mole % 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, about 65-100 mole % 1,4-butanediol and about 15-35 mole % of a compound selected from the group consisting of dimer acid and dimer glycol. These copolyesters are resistant to gamma radiation.

Abstract: A process for separating the various members of a tocopherol homologue mixture to obtain fractions of the separate tocopherol homologues. The isolation of the various tocopherol homologues is accomplished by selective deacylation of tocopheryl esters followed by separation of the esters from the free tocopherols.

Abstract: Alkyl-2-alkoxyimino-3-oxo-4-chlorobutyrates are prepared in good yield by treating an alkyl-2-alkoxyimino-3-oxobutyrate with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of a N,N-dialkyl-substituted carboxamide wherein the mole ratio of sulfuryl chloride to oxobutyrate compound is at least about 1:1, the reaction being conducted in the presence of a chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of about 10.degree. to 50.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of water soluble cellulose sulfate esters. More particularly, it relates to an improved process of preparing cellulose sulfate esters wherein cellulose is slurried in dimethylformamide. To this cellulose-dimethylformamide slurry is then added liquid denitrogen tetroxide to form the cellulose nitrite ester. The cellulose nitrite ester is then converted to the water soluble cellulose sulfate ester by reacting with acetylsulfuric acid in an anhydrous reaction medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones containing a 2-oxopropylidene moiety by the reaction of an aldehyde with a 2,2-dialkyl-4-methyl-6-keto-1,3-dioxene in the presence of a catalytic amount of certain metallic halides.