Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, comprising:(A) a metal, amine or ammonium salt of a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein in Formula (A-I), X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are independently O or S, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 can be NR.sup.3, a and b are independently zero or 1, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently hydrocarbyl groups and R.sup.3 can be hydrogen; and(B) a thiocarbamate represented by the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--C(X)S--(CR.sup.3 R.sup.4).sub.a Z (B-I)wherein in Formula (B-I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups, provided that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group; X is O or S; a is 1 or 2; and Z is an activating group, a hydrocarbyl group, a hydroxy hydrocarbyl group, a hetero group, or a --SC(X)--NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 group; provided that when a is 2, Z is an activating group.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid of a particulate phase and a continuous phase of a hydrophobic liquid medium, a certain dispersed particulate phase, and a low molecular weight polar material exhibits a broad effective temperature range. The dispersed particulate phase comprises a polar solid material which is capable of exhibiting substantial electrorheological activity only in the presence of a low molecular weight polar material, and an organic semiconductor. The weight ratio of the polar solid material to the organic semiconductor is at least about 2:1.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition containing (i) a polyether alcohol of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof provided that no more than 10 mole % of R.sup.1 is hydrogen and where the polyether alcohol is soluble in gasoline; and x is a number from about 4 to about 40; (ii) a hydrocarbylphenol having 1-3 hydrocarbyl groups such that the total weight average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl groups is about 250 to about 6000; and (iii) optionally a third component containing a nitrogen-containing dispersant; wherein the weight ratio of the polyether alcohol to the hydrocarbylphenol is about 3:1 to about 1:20. The compositions are useful in reducing intake valve deposit and do not contribute to the increase in combustion chamber deposit in port fuel injected engines.

Abstract: A coating additive composition containing the combination of a) at least one non-crosslinked product made by the reaction of an amine and a carboxylic acid, the product containing at least two hydrocarbyl groups each having about 12 to about 100 carbon atoms; and (ii) at least one fluoropolymer. The additive composition is useful as a nonflatting slip-enhancing agent in both in solvent-based and powder coatings. The cured coatings exhibit lower coefficient of friction and substantial gloss retention.

Abstract: A composition for use in lubricants and function fluids to provide improved anti-shudder and shudder durability properties to an automatic transmission. The composition comprises alkoxylated fatty amines as well as a mixture of other friction modifiers.

Abstract: A liquid pour point depressant composition comprises a pour point depressant which is a solid at room temperature and which has a number average molecular weight of at least 500, and a liquid medium in which the material of pour point depressant is substantially insoluble at room temperature. The pour point depressant component is dispersed in the liquid medium.

Abstract: Fouling in a hydrocarbon process stream is reduced by adding to the stream a composition prepared by first reacting an olefinic compound containing at least one group of the formula ##STR1## and a carboxylic reactant having the formula ##STR2## then reacting the product formed thereby with about 0.5 equivalents to about 2 moles, per mole of the carboxylic reactant, of ammonia or a hydrazine or an amine having at least one H--N group.

Abstract: Compositions of matter for use in oils and fuels are disclosed. The compositions arise from reaction products (C) formed by reacting substituted carboxylic acylating agents (A) with carboxylic reactants (B). The reactant (A) is usually a polyolefin substituted succinic anhydride or acid which is reacted with (B). (B) is usually a glyoxylic compound. Carboxylic reaction products (C) may further be reacted to form succinimide dispersants, esters or other derivatives. Products (C) may also be reacted with an .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated compound to form second carboxylic reaction products.

Abstract: Electrorheological systems of improved temperature range are obtained by including within the system a solid polymer insoluble in a low molecular weight activating material and in the hydrophobic medium of the fluid. The polymer contains hydrophilic functionality, and in the polymer a portion of the low molecular weight polar activating material is sorbed in an amount which reversibly increases with increasing temperature.

Abstract: Lubricants containing a compound of the structureR.sub.1 R.sub.2 N--C(X')S--(CR.sub.3 R.sub.4).sub.a Ywhere X' is an oxygen or sulfur atom and Y is, e.g., an activating group; also containing a phosphorus acid or ester of the formula (R.sub.6 X)(R.sub.7 X)P(X).sub.n X.sub.m R.sub.8 or an amine salt thereof; and also a surfactant, exhibit good antiwear properties. They are particularly useful in pressure transmitting applications such as tractor hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of(A) a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein in Formula (A-I): X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are independently O or S, and X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 can be NR.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; and G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3 and G.sup.4 are independently R.sup.2, OR.sup.2 or R.sup.3 OR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R.sup.3 is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (B) an acylated nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least about 10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (C) a phosphorus compound. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (D) a thiocarbamate. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (E) a organic sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition made by reacting A) an aldehyde of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a reactive equivalent thereof; and B) at least one etheramine represented by the formulaR.sup.2 ?O(CH.sub.2 CH(R)O).sub.n --R.sup.1 --NH.sub.2 !.sub.y(I)wherein each n is a number from 0 to about 50; each R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl groups of 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; each R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbylene group containing 2 to about 18 carbon atoms and a group represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein both R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrocarbylene groups of about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 4; y is 1, 2, or 3; and each R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having a valence of y and containing 1 to about 50 carbon atoms when y is 1 and 1 to about 18 carbon atoms when y is 2 or 3; y is 1, 2, or 3; provided that when n is zero, y is 1.

Abstract: Compositions represented by the structures ##STR1## where Ar represents an aromatic group, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, at least one R having more than 12 carbon atoms, a is 1 to 4, and R' is hydrogen or alkyl, are useful as lubricant and fuel additives and as intermediates for the preparation of derivatives useful as such additives.

Abstract: Formation of fouling deposits in a hydrocarbon process stream during processing at elevated temperatures is reduced by including in the hydrocarbon process stream an antifouling amount of a salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted linked hydroxyaromatic compound, where the linked compound comprises at least two aromatic moieties.

Abstract: Aliphatic hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic amines are prepared by reacting an aromatic amine and an aliphatic hydrocarbylating agent, such as an olefin, in the presence of a heteropolyacid catalyst such as Cs.sub.2.5 H.sub.0.5 PW.sub.12 O.sub.40, for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to permit reaction.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl-substituted amides can be prepared in a catalyzed Ritter reaction by contacting a nitrile with a hydrocarbylating agent, in the presence of an acidified clay as the catalyst, under conditions conducive to the formation of the hydrocarbyl-substituted amide.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion composition is disclosed which comprises a mixture of water and(A) at least one oil comprising(1) a natural oil or synthetic triglyceride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups that contain from about 7 to about 23 carbon atoms;(2) a synthetic ester base oil comprising the reaction of a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid or an aryl carboxylic acid;(3) an olefin;(4) a polyolefin;(B) at least one phosphite ester of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently aliphatic, aryl or aliphatic substituted aryl groups that independently contain from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; and(C) at least one emulsifier.

Abstract: A composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a phosphorus compound represented by the formula ##STR1## and tautomers thereof, where each X is independently O or S, and an olefin of about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms exhibits improved antiwear performance.

Abstract: A salt of an acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acid can be conveniently prepared by preparing a solid mixture of a normally solid acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acid and a basic compound which is reactive with the acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acid to form the salt. The solid mixture is combined with a solvent in which neutralization of the acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acid occurs.

Abstract: Metal working compositions which contain rhamsan gum as a mist suppressant exhibit good anti-mist performance and good retention of performance in the presence of prolonged times of shearing.