Abstract: The electrical circuit timing method provides accurate nominal delay together with the delay sensitivities with respect to different circuit elements {e.g., cells, interconnects, etc.) and variational parameters (e.g., process variations; environmental variations). All the sensitivity computations are based on closed-form formulas; as a consequence, the method provides rapidly and at low cost high accuracy and high numerical stability.

Abstract: The large-scale process and environmental variations for today's nano-scale ICs are requiring statistical approaches for timing analysis and optimization (1). Significant research has been recently focused on developing new statistical timing analysis algorithms (2), but often without consideration for how one should interpret the statistical timing results for optimization. The invention provides a sensitivity-based metric (2) to assess the criticality of each path and/or arc in the statistical timing graph (4). The statistical sensitivities for both paths and arcs are defined. It is shown that path sensitivity is equivalent to the probability that a path is critical, and arc sensitivity is equivalent to the probability that an arc sits on the critical path. An efficient algorithm with incremental analysis capability (2) is described for fast sensitivity computation that has a linear runtime complexity in circuit size.

Abstract: The invention teaches the use of an addressable nanoscale device to create a programmable substrate useful in selectively attracting proteins, nucleating protein crystals and growing protein crystals of a size amenable to diffraction analysis. Further taught is the use of nanoscale assemblies to create charge patterns, where such charge patterns are useful in purifying, nucleating or crystallizing protein molecules. Charge extension moieties, including water, are taught. The invention provides rapid and efficient identification, purification and detection of proteins and protein-related complexes.

Abstract: An application of intrusion tolerant concepts to a software infrastructure for supporting secure group applications. This application is suited for use with network layer protocols such as TBRPF and is particularly adapted for wireless networks, and more specifically mobile ad hoc networks.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for discovering a connectivity relationship among external connections to a two dimensional logic cell, such as a nanocell. The connectivity relationships may then be used to derive a logical relationship among the external connections. Knowledge of the logical relationship among the external connections is, in turn, used to program the logic cell. In one embodiment, voltage pulses of alternating polarity and progressively shorter duration are used to program a chain of interconnected devices within a logic cell. Characterization of connectivity, programming, re-programming and dynamic testing of logic cells, including nanocells, and cell assemblies are taught in the inventive method.

Abstract: This invention provides a means for generating multiple wavelengths in an integrated manner using a resonant cavity containing dispersion shifted non-linear medium and coupled to a pulsed laser source. The dispersion shifted non-linear medium is seeded by at least some of the desired wavelengths. The laser source emits radiation at a particular wavelength and is pulsed in a manner synchronously related to the round trip time of the resonant cavity. By means of wave mixing, such as four wave mixing, the dispersion shifted non-linear medium produces a set of discrete wavelengths. The reflective elements of the resonant cavity are designed to contain the radiation of the laser sources within the resonant cavity and to transmit an equal amount of each of the generated set of wavelengths.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device and method for making same in which the device demonstrates efficient fill factor and focuses light upon an optoelectronic element close to the focal point of the light focusing element. The device comprises a substrate supporting an optoelectronic element, a microlens array, and a light transmissive layer intermediate between the substrate and the microlens array. The intermediate layer is of a thickness so that the spot size formed by the light collected by the microlens is substantially smaller than the photosensitive or photosensitive area at the plane of the optoelectronic element. In alternate embodiments, the transmissive layer assists in achieving maximum fill factor. The method taught provides minimum alignment steps thereby providing a method of improved manufacturability.

Abstract: A shaft for a probe, especially suited for TEE and nasogastric applications, with superior bite-through resistance in the outermost probe layer. The probe shaft includes a crush-proof monocoil surrounded by coiled sheathing and an outermost layer of heat shrinkable polymer tubing. The heatshrinkable polymer provides superior resistance to lacerations from sharp objects such as patients teeth. Moreover, in an embodiment using clear polymer over darker inner layers marked with light colored depth markings, the depth markings are protected from wearing off. The preparation method includes inserting a monocoil and sheath into a tube of heatshrinkable material and applying heat sufficient to cause the heatshrinkable material to mechanically adhere to the sheath.

Abstract: The present invention relates to GaAs FET switches for use in microwave test equipment. For many microwave applications, particularly GSM (Global System for Mobile Telecommunications) basestation testing, accurate, reliable switching of microwave signals is desirable. GaAs FET switches are widely used to switch microwave signals in many applications because of their small size and high reliability. However, GaAs FET switches have a significant drawback called the "slow tail" effect. This effect causes the final amplitude of the microwave signal to only be reached gradually after a 10 to 20 millisecond interval. The present invention integrates high intensity LEDs above GaAs IC switches to decrease the absolute magnitude of the slow tail effect, and to shorten its length for faster, more accurate switching.

Abstract: A sensor made of porous matrix or sol-gel glass and non-enzymatic macromolecular polymer immobilized in the sol-gel glass. The macromolecule is physically entangled or otherwise trapped, and does not leach regardless of exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Surface effects are minimized since the there is no chemical bond between macromolecules and sol-gel glass. Indicator molecules may be attached to the macromolecular polymer either before or after the macromolecule is incorporated into the porous matrix.

Abstract: A CPM mode-locked fiber ring laser including an ion-implanted semiconductor saturable absorber providing sub-picosecond pulses at rapid repetition rates. The laser provides compact, turn-key capability and is polarization insensitive.