Abstract: Promoters for enhanced expression of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase in potato tubers and fruits such as tomato; methods of using them; DNA molecules, plant cells and plants containing them. A method of decreasing the oil content of seeds by expression of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.

Abstract: A method for producing genetically transformed plants exhibiting toxicity to Coleopteran insects is disclosed. In another aspect, the present invention embraces chimeric plant genes, genetically transformed cells and differentiated plants which exhibit toxicity to Coleopteran insects. In yet another aspect, the present invention embraces bacterial cells and plant transformation vectors comprising a chimeric plant gene encoding a Coleopteran toxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis.

Abstract: Genes encoding a glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme are disclosed. The genes are useful in producing transformed bacteria and plants which degrade glyphosate herbicide as well as crop plants which are tolerant to glyphosate herbicide.

Abstract: Novel transcription initiation regions that provide for enhanced transcription of a DNA sequence, particularly a plant sequence, are provided.

Abstract: A method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of soybean is disclosed. The method utilizes a cotyledon explant which is prepared by first removing the hypocotyl and then tearing the two cotyledons apart at the cotyledonary node. The explant may be inoculated with either a smear of the disarmed Agrobacterium vector or of liquid culture of the bacterium.

Abstract: A full-length transcript promoter from figwort mosaic virus (FMV) is identified and its DNA sequence given. The promoter functions as a strong and uniform promoter for chimeric genes inserted into plant cells. This strong promoter function is exhibited by a histochemical assay in floral buds and by reproductive scores of transgenic plants including the promoter. The promoter preferably includes a 5' leader sequence that may be from the FMV itself or from a heterologous source with respect to the promoter. The promoter is used in a plant cassette vector, a chimeric gene and in methods for transforming plant cells to obtain transgenic plants, plant cells or seeds incorporating the FMV promoter.

Abstract: In one aspect the present invention relates to the use of viral promoters in the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells. In another aspect this invention relates to chimeric genes which are capable of being expressed in plant cells, which utilize promoter regions derived from viruses which are capable of infecting plant cells. One such virus comprises the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Two different promoter regions have been derived from the CaMV genome and ligated to heterologous coding sequences to form chimeric genes. These chimeric genes have been shown to be expressed in plant cells. This invention also relates to plant cells, plant tissue, and differentiated plants which contain and express the chimeric genes of this invention.

Abstract: This present invention describes genetically transformed lettuce cells and transgenic lettuce plants which exhibit toxicity to Lepidopteran larvae.

Abstract: Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate (EPSP) synthases, DNA encoding glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthases, plant genes encoding the glyphosate-tolerant enzymes, plant transformation vectors containing the genes, transformed plant cells and differentiated transformed plants containing the plant genes are disclosed. The glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthases are prepared by substituting an alanine residue for a glycine residue in a conserved sequence found between positions 80 and 120 in the mature wild-type EPSP synthase.

Abstract: Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate (EPSP) synthases, DNA encoding glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthases, plant genes encoding the glyphosate-tolerant enzymes, plant transformation vectors containing the genes, transformed plant cells and differentiated transformed plants containing the plant genes are disclosed. The glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthases are prepared by substituting an alanine residue for a glycine residue in a first conserved sequence found between positions 80 and 120, and either an aspartic acid residue or asparagine residue for a glycine residue in a second conserved sequence found between positions 120 and 160 in the mature wild type EPSP synthase.

Abstract: A DNA sequence encoding a potato leafroll virus coat protein having at least one internal translation initiation codon in a different reading frame than the native PLRV coat protein DNA sequence altered to a non-initiator codon is provided. Two translation initiation sites at the start of a 17kd open reading frame in a different reading frame than the native PLRV coat protein DNA sequence are preferably altered A stronger stop codon is also provided in the modified PLRV DNA sequence. The modified DNA sequence having the internal translation initiation codons at the start of the 17kd open reading frame altered to non-initiator codons can be used in a gene to transform plants of the Solanaceae family to obtain transgenic plants resistant to PLRV. A synthetic modified potato leafroll virus DNA sequence is also provided which has the changes in the translation initiation sites and is further made to be more "plant-like".

Abstract: A class of heterologous dominant conditional lethal genes is disclosed. The gene is useful in genetically modifying plant cells and plants to selectively induce cellular lethality for purposes such as inducing male sterility for hybrid seed production, cell ablation and counter-negative selection.

Abstract: A method for potentiating the insecticidal activity of a protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria is disclosed. A potentiating amount of trypsin inhibitor is co-administered to the insect along with the toxin. Improved insecticidal compositions are also disclosed which contain an insecticidal amount of a protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and a potentiating amount of a trypsin inhibitor.

Abstract: A transacting DNA binding factor is disclosed. The ASF 1 protein factor specifically binds to the sequence motif TGACG found upstream of the promoter in many plant genes. Coexpression of this protein factor augments the level of expression of the up-regulated promoter containing the TGACG motif.

Abstract: This invention involves a cloning or expression vector comprising a gene which encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) polypeptide which, when expressed in a plant cell contains a chloroplast transit peptide which allows the polypeptide, or an enzymatically active portion thereof, to be transported from the cytoplasm of the plant cell into a chloroplast in the plant cell, and confers a substantial degree of glyphosate resistance upon the plant cell and plants regenerated therefrom.The EPSPS coding sequence may be ligated to a strong promoter, such as the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, to create a chimeric gene. Such genes can be inserted into plant transformation vectors, and subsequently introduced into plant cells. Plant cells transformed using such genes and plants regenerated therefrom have been shown to exhibit a substantial degree of glyphosate resistance.

Abstract: Transgenic plants are disclosed which are resistant to virus infection by Potato Virus X and Potato Virus Y. Plant genes and transformation vectors are also disclosed. Potato plants, for example, Russet Burbank variety, are made resistant to dual infection by Potato Virus X and Potato Virus Y by transforming the plant to express the coat proteins of the two viruses.

Abstract: Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate (EPSP) synthases, DNA encoding glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthases, plant genes encoding the glyphosate-tolerant enzymes, plant transformation vectors containing the genes, transformed plant cells and differentiated transformed plants containing the plant genes are disclosed. The glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthases are prepared by substituting an alanine residue for a glycine residue in a conserved sequence found between positions 80 and 120 in the mature wild-type EPSP synthase.

Abstract: Fragments of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus are disclosed which exhibit selective expression of chimeric plant genes in plant tissue. Promoter fragment A exhibits selective expression in root tissue and the radical of the seed. Promoter fragment B exhibits constitutive expression in plant tissue other than root tissue.

Abstract: Five subdomains of the CaMV35S promoter are provided that cause tissue specific and/or developmentally regulated expression of chimeric genes in plants. These subdomains act as promoters for use in transformed plant cells, seeds and transgenic plants. Some of the subdomains require fusion to domain A for expression. Subdomains B2, B3, B4, and B5 exhibit expression when fused to the minimal promoter sequence in mature plants whereas only B2 and B3 confer expression in seeds and only B2, B3 and B4 confer expression at the seedling stage of development. The combination of subdomains B4 and B5 confers expression at all stages of development as does the B1+TGACG motif combination when each combination is fused with the minimal promoter sequence. The nucleotide sequence and DNA molecule that function as the enhancers are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to chimeric genes which are capable of being expressed in plant cells. Such genes contain (a) a promoter region derived in a gene which is expressed in plant cells, such as the nopaline synthase gene; (b) a coding or structural sequence which is heterologous with respect to the promoter region; and (c) an appropriate 3' non-translated region. Such genes have been used to create antibiotic-resistant plant cells; they are also useful for creating herbicide-resistant plants, and plants which contain mammalian polypeptides.