Abstract: A code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system using spread spectrum signaling over a communication bandwidth uses two different signal spectra generated using two different respective spreading code formats, such as NRZ code formatting and staggered Manchester code formatting, for respectively providing nonsplit spectra having a center peak and split spectra having a center null. The spectra are combined during transmission as a CDMA communication signal having a composite spectrum. The use of different code formats produces the composite spectrum of respective center peak and center null spectra that enables increased channel capacity.

Abstract: An adaptive lifting transform provides lossless image data compression on an improved edge prediction process. The adaptive predictor works on pixel-by-pixel basis that does not need bookkeeping overhead, especially for integer-to-integer wavelet transform for reducing the number of lifting steps for use in JPEG2000 image compression.

Abstract: The lifting transform reduces the number of lifting steps in lossless data compression while improving the overall rounding errors incurred in the real-to-integer conversion process at each of the lifting steps. The compression ratio increases when used for lossless image data compression. The lifting transform further saves memory space and decreases signal delay.

Abstract: A GPS tracker is disposed on launch hardware that separates from a spacecraft launch vehicle during ascent to orbit with the launch hardware having a suborbital trajectory from launch to impact while being tracked so as to track the launch hardware during suborbital flight, such as for tracking separated fuel stages, external tanks, external boosters, and payload fairings that return to earth.

Abstract: Adaptive cooperative web caches construct and maintain routing and forwarding tables for efficient location of replicated web content data. The data stored in routing and forwarding tables indicate associations between web content requests and the internet protocol address of the web cache server where the replicated web content data is stored. These associations are communicated between groups of adaptive web cache servers by broadcasting routing information for updating the forwarding tables within the web cache servers for efficient location of sought after web content data.

Abstract: An M code envelope detector receives an incoming binary offset carrier (BOC) signal, such as the M code signal, and generates inphase BOC and quadraphase BOC signals, separated by an offset, that have respective ambiguous correlation envelopes, that when combined, provide a near unimodal correlation function with respect to code phase error of the BOC signal having an inherent multimodal autocorrelation function, with the near unimodal correlation envelope being tracked by early and late code replicas at broad one chip phases for providing unambiguous but nonlinear code phase error tracking, which detector is then further improved with the use of code replicas having narrow partial chip phases, such as ? chip phases, for providing near linear code phase error tracking for unambiguous and accurate code tracking of the BOC signal.

Abstract: The integrated lifting transform provides both the lossy and lossless lifting wavelet transforms while sharing the same lifting chain for either lossy data compression or lossless data compression. The lifting steps can provide a lossless compression and a lossy compression directly from lossless compression while the integer-to-integer adaptive four-stage lifting wavelet transform provides the lossless compression with improved performance.

Abstract: A chirped grating is made in a thin film layer or a glass layer for producing a holographic optical element within the layer well suited for use as an optical coupler for coupling side fired laser light into optical fibers for laser light pumping of optical fibers with the grating made in the layer by generating interference fringes burned into the layer with interference fringes created from interfering a reference laser beam with a plurality of convergent laser beams from respective lenses of an array of lenses.

Abstract: A receiver generates log-likelihood-ratio-based soft bit metrics of precoded quaternary continuous phase modulation signals using four state-constrained trellises and a streamlined maximum likelihood sequence estimation Viterbi algorithm requiring no survivor state storage elements for a preferred error correction-coded quaternary Gaussian minimum shift keying communication system employing reduced-complexity pulse-amplitude modulation matched-filtering and soft-decision decoding.

Abstract: An isosceles triangular cross section shaped microchannel-cooling device conducts a working fluid for the removal of heat from a heat source. The triangular shaped microchannel provides an increased thermal transport coefficient for improved heat transport with an improved mass flow rate. The microchannel-cooling device is well suited for removing heat from electronics, semiconductor components, and systems.

Abstract: A laser communication crosslink system employs an nth order sigma delta modulator with a laser transmitter for communicating an analog input signal in binary form as a pulse width modulated signal, and employs a digital filter with a receiver for providing a digital output signal representing the value of the analog input signal. The pulse width modulated laser signal is communicated between the transmitter and receiver over a laser crosslink that may be fiber optic. The direct modulation using the sigma delta modulator with the transmitter and using the digital filter with the receiver reduces system complexity and power consumption.

Abstract: A pulse modulation laser writing system generates a motion control file for controlled motion of a sample under modulated laser beam exposure and generates a laser script file for generating a sequence of laser writing processes, such as, ablation, welding, texturing, and dosing, the sample while under motion control. The system enables laser writing processing of complex multimaterial samples in a single manufacturing process.

Abstract: A tomographic system includes a reporting device colocated and juxtaposed an object so that both are ground through grinding to various sectioning depths as the reporting device is ground down exposing a reporting marker along a length of the reporting device for indicating the depth of sectioning for accurate precise depth of grinding well suited for precise sectioned tomographic imaging.

Abstract: A multitarget tracking antispoofing receiver utilizes multitarget tracking algorithms and multiple correlators for tracking signals of interest in a field of view about a nominal trajectory of a desired true signal for tracking targets within the code phase and carrier frequency signal space so as to predict when true and spoof signals will cross paths in the signal space without spoofing with loss of tracking of the desired signal so that true tracking of a desired target is maintained in the presence of a spoofing signal moving along a spoofing signal track and crossing a true path of the true signal.

Abstract: A transmissive holographic optical element including a chirped grating is used to inject light by side firing laser light from a an array of laser diodes into an optical fiber with a reflective HOE reflecting the injected laser light through and along the optical fiber with the transmissive holographic optical element HOE and reflective HOE sandwiching a portion of an optical fiber for increased laser side firing pumping efficiency in optical fibers.

Abstract: A timing recovery loop includes a random walk filter counter for counting early, nominal and late arrivals of data transitions pulses of an input baseband signal waveform encoding a digital bit stream, and provides magnitude counts that are compared to a threshold value that when exceeded by the magnitude counts results in a delay adjustment of the generated adjusted timing pulses then remaining synchronized with the actual bit timing for maintaining bit timing lock. The adjusted timing pulses can then be used by a data detector for reliable data detection and reconstruction of the digital bit stream. The threshold value can be adaptively adjusted for reducing drop lock rates in the presence of changing channel environments.

Abstract: An improved AGC subsystem for preferred use in quadrature amplitude modulation receivers offers improved automatic gain control of received signals in fading channels by generating an error signal only from constellation signal points having large signal-to-noise ratios for increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the gain control error signal for lowering dispersion of symbol signals in the constellation signal space for improving data detection of symbol signals with the improved performance with as much as one dB in the signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: Discrete Cosine Transforms in a radix-2 block transform method enables true split and merge transform processing of equal sized data halves in the transform domain for enabling recursive merges and splits in transform domain without data degradation. Input data in the time domain or spatial domain during either the split and merge radix-2 forward transform processing is firstly transform processed followed by combinational processing. In the split transform process, whole transformed data is split using combinational processing into first and second transformed data halves in the transform domain as a true split. In the merge transform process, first and second transform halves are merged using combinational processing into a merged transformed data whole in the transform domain. In either case, time or spatial domain input data can be transformed into the transform domain in the form of split halves or merged whole.

Abstract: A method using an etchant and a laser for localized precise heating enables precise etching and release of MEMS devices with improved process control while expanding the number of materials used to make MEMS, including silicon-dioxide patterned films buried in and subsequently released from bulk silicon, as a direct write method of release of patterned structures that enables removal of only that material needed to allow the device to perform to be precisely released, after which, the bulk material can be further processed for additional electrical or packaging functions.

Abstract: A method is used for producing nanoscale and microscale devices in a variety of materials, such as silicon dioxide patterned buried films. The method is inexpensive and reliable for making small scale mechanical, optical, or electrical devices and relies upon the implantation of ions into a substrate and subsequent annealing to form a stoichiometric film with the device geometry is defined by the implant energy and dose and so is not limited by the usual process parameters.