Abstract: An object of the present invention is to avoid such a problem that white dropouts and the Moire phenomenon occur in a filter-processed image. A filter unit employed in an image processing apparatus provided within a copying machine first selects as a pixel of interest any one of a plurality of reversed density pixels which constitute an image to be processed. Next, the filter unit uses density of this interest pixel before being corrected, density of pixels located at peripheral portions of this interest pixel, and a predetermined filter coefficient so as to calculate a weighted average value for each of the density. Finally, the filter unit compares the density of this interest pixel before being corrected with the weighted average values to output as a corrected density of this interest pixel, such a value approximated to a density equivalent to a black level.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a parameter computing means which computes the maximum density value, the summation of density differences, the average density and the maximum density difference for each pixel in a mask containing a target pixel; and a color determination counting circuit which makes appropriate, selective threshold comparisons based on the computed result from the parameter computing circuit to determine an area in a mask as being chromatic, achromatic or ‘the other’ area.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a communication apparatus capable of communicating by transmitting and receiving a protocol signal in accordance with a predetermined protocol, when receiving a DIS without receiving an ANSam signal, or not receiving a CM signal within a predetermined period after transmission of the ANSam signal. With a line connection established, when a calling station receives a DIS without receiving the ANSam signal, the calling station sends a DCS signal or an NSS and then executes the protocol according to Recommendation T.30. Further, with a line connection established, when a called station does not receive the CM signal within a predetermined time t1 after transmission of the ANSam signal, the called station sends the DIS with bit number 6 reset, and executes the protocol according to Recommendations T.30 in response to the DCS signal or NSS sent from the destination communication apparatus. Furthermore, the protocol according to Recommendations V.8 and V.

Abstract: A scanning circuit for a solid-state imaging device of the present invention includes a shift register divided into a first stage to an N-th stage, each of the first stage to the N-th stage receiving a first pulse signal which is cyclic and has a plurality of pulses and a second pulse signal which is cyclic and has a plurality of pulses, the first stage receiving an input signal, and an invalid transfer pulse or an effective transfer pulse being output from the first stage to the N-th stage, wherein whether or not the transfer pulse is effective or invalid is determined based on the first pulse signal and the input signal, and the N is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns pyrimidine derivatives represented by the following general formulas [I] and [I′] and having antiviral activity, particularly antiretroviral activity such as anti-HIV activity: and pharmaceutical compositions having antiviral activity and comprising the above-described derivative(s) as an active ingredient.