Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a first detection filter provided in an exhaust gas flow passage and capable of collecting particle matter. A second detection filter is provided on a downstream side of the first detection filter in the exhaust gas flow passage and capable of collecting the particle matter. A first differential pressure detection unit is configured to detect a first differential pressure between pressures of an upstream side and the downstream side of the first detection filter. A second differential pressure detection unit is configured to detect a second differential pressure between pressures of an upstream side and a downstream side of the second detection filter. A particle matter amount detection unit is configured to detect an amount of particle matter based on a detection result of the first differential pressure detection unit and a detection result of the second differential pressure detection unit.

Abstract: A pattern-forming method includes selectively exposing a resist layer formed using a positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition including a resin component and an acid generator. The resist layer is developed to form a first pattern. An uncrosslinked embedded section is formed adjacent the first the pattern using a pattern-forming resin composition including a polymer. The polymer has a carbon content higher than that of the resin component, does not include silicon atom in a molecule, and is crosslinkable due to an acid generated from the acid generator. The uncrosslinked embedded section is crosslinked in an area around an interface with the first pattern to form an array structure. The first pattern, a first crosslinked section, the uncrosslinked embedded section, and a second crosslinked section are repeatedly arranged in the array structure in this order. The first pattern and the uncrosslinked embedded section are removed to form a second pattern.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a mesh body having an axis direction. The mesh body includes a hollow, an opening, and a plurality of strands. The hollow is provided inside the opening. The opening faces toward one end of the axis direction. The plurality of strands include a plurality of carbon fibers and are woven diagonally with respect to the axis direction to provide the hollow and the opening. The plurality of strands are folded inwardly or outwardly at an edge of the opening, thereby providing a two-layered portion along the edge of the opening. A matrix is filled between the plurality of carbon fibers of the mesh body.

Abstract: An adjustable bicycle suspension system includes a first stroke adjustment unit and a second stroke adjustment unit. The first stroke adjustment unit is configured to adjust a stroke of a suspension by changing a position of the suspension at a first position or a second position. The second stroke adjustment unit is configured to change the position of the suspension at the second position independently from the first position.

Abstract: A power adapter apparatus and a power management method thereof are disclosed in the invention. The power adapter includes an output interface and a power modulation unit. The power adapter can be electrically connected with an electronic device through the output interface. There is a detective structure disposed on the output interface. The power management method includes steps of: 1) detecting whether the power adapter apparatus is electrically connected with the electronic device by the detective structure; and 2) when the output interface is detected to be disconnected from the electronic device, switching the power modulation unit to a standby state, so as to reduce a total power consumption of the power modulation unit.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a rotation disc, an annular slit, a light source, an absolute-value-related detecting unit, and a signal processing device. The annular slit includes a first annular slit and a second annular slit which are decentered in a mutually different direction. The light source is configured to irradiate light on the annular slit. The absolute-value-related detecting unit is configured to detect transmitted light or reflected light irradiated from the light source and transmitted or reflected at the annular slit to output a detected signal. The absolute-value-related detecting unit includes a first detecting unit corresponding to the first annular slit and a second detecting unit corresponding to the second annular slit. The signal processing device is configured to detect an absolute rotational angle of the rotation disc based on the detected signal output from the absolute-value-related detecting unit.

Abstract: Positioning and/or navigation of an electronic device within a building when GPS signals are unavailable is provided. The electronic device scans for available Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Access Points (APs) upon, e.g., entering a building. The electronic device detects a signal (e.g., beacon) from at least one available WLAN AP, whereupon the electronic device retrieves the indoor location of the available WLAN AP. The location information can be directly downloaded from the WLAN AP while in state-1 via, e.g., a Native Query Protocol which includes an extension to currently defined Native Query info elements that returns location information. Alternatively, the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the WLAN AP can be read from the beacon signal, which is then used to retrieve the location of the WLAN AP from an associated database.

Abstract: A honeycomb filter includes a honeycomb structure and a zeolite. The honeycomb structure has cell walls to define cells between the cell walls. The zeolite is supported on the cell walls. An amount of the zeolite is from about 80 g/L to about 150 g/L. The cells include a large volume cell and a small volume cell. A porosity of the cell walls is from about 55% to about 65%. A proportion of a sum of a pore volume A and a pore volume B relative to a total pore volume C is about 20% or less. The pore volume A indicates a pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of one half or less of the average pore diameter. The pore volume B indicates a pore volume of pores having a pore diameter of twice or more the average pore diameter.

Abstract: A vehicle hands-free communication apparatus includes an identifier receiver, a storage, a compatibility information receiver, a renewing device, a determination device, a connecting device, and an informing device. The identifier receiver receives a phone identifier from a mobile phone. The storage stores compatibility information. The compatibility information receiver receives renewed compatibility information. The renewing device replaces the compatibility information stored in the storage with the renewed compatibility information. The determination device determines whether the mobile phone is compatible with the hands-free communication apparatus by comparing the phone identifier and the stored compatibility information. The connecting device establishes a communication between the apparatus and the mobile phone when the determination device determines that the mobile phone is compatible with the apparatus.

Abstract: A power converter includes: a determination section which, prior to an actual operation, determines presence/absence of a common mode filter connected to a line for supplying power to a motor, switching elements being driven with a predetermined PWM on/off drive signal corresponding to a carrier frequency prior to the actual operation; and a PWM control method changing/setting section which, during the actual operation, changes and sets a PWM control method in accordance with a result of the determination of the presence/absence of the common mode filter.

Abstract: An intake structure for a vehicle includes a vehicle body frame, a pair of occupant seats, an internal combustion engine, and an air cleaner. The pair of occupant seats are arranged side by side in a vehicle width direction in the vehicle body frame and includes a driver's seat and a passenger seat. The internal combustion engine is configured to generate a driving force. The air cleaner is configured to purify air and supply the purified air to the internal combustion engine. The air cleaner includes a first air cleaner chamber and a second air cleaner chamber that are disposed to sandwich a part of the vehicle body frame.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods pertaining to examining electromigration lifespan are disclosed. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing is provided that includes forming a test structure on a semiconductor substrate. The test structure includes a first conductor structure that has a first cross-sectional area and a second conductor structure that has a second cross-sectional area larger than the first cross-sectional area. Current is flowed through the first and second conductor structures at current densities sufficient to cause electromigration in the first and second conductor structures. The current is monitored for drops indicative of electromigration failure of one or both of the first and second conductor structures. The time elapsed before the failure of the one or both of the conductor structures is recorded.

Abstract: A first film-modifying method includes forming a second film on a first film that includes an acid-dissociable group. The second film is an acid transfer resin film that includes a photoacid generator. The second film is exposed via a mask so that the second film generates an acid. The acid generated by the second film is transferred to the first film. The second film is removed.

Abstract: An approach is provided for locating communities over an ad-hoc mesh network. Community identifiers are used to locate communities and community members over an ad-hoc mesh network. The community identifiers are also associated with keys to authenticate members of the community and to protect the privacy and anonymity of information exchanged between the members.

Abstract: A lightweight, compact high-performance fuel cell separator is provided with enhanced output density and capable of being stacked without a gas seal member. Embodiments include a separator having a corrugated electrically conducting flow path. A recess and projection are formed on front and rear surfaces, each constituting a gas flow path alternately arrayed abreast in a plane.

Abstract: An image apparatus includes a screen, a detecting unit, a determining unit, an acquiring unit and a control unit. The screen is configured to display an image formed by an optical system and at least one detection position superimposed onto the image. The detecting unit is configured to detect information regarding focus of the optical system at the detection position. The determining unit is connected to the detecting unit and configured to determine whether the information regarding the focus is within a predetermined range. The acquiring unit is connected to the determining unit and configured to acquire first image information at the detection position when the determining unit determines that the information regarding the focus is within the predetermined range. The control unit is connected to the acquiring unit and configured to evaluate arbitrary second image information in the screen using the first image information.

Abstract: A tracking device includes: a light measurement device for light measuring an object; a focus detection device for performing focus detection of the object by an optical system; and a tracking control device for tracking the object based on light measurement information from the light measurement device and focus detection information from the focus detection device corresponding to the light measurement information.

Abstract: A high-performance separator for a fuel cell is provided that includes an electrically conducting flow path part and an integrated insulating outer circumferential part surrounding the flow path part. The flow path part includes an electrically conducting resin composition including a carbonaceous material (A) and a thermoplastic resin composition (B) at a mass ratio (A)/(B) of 1 to 20 with the total mass of (A) and (B) accounting for 80 to 100 mass % in the composition. The flow path part has a corrugated shape having a recess and a projection on each of front and back surfaces thereof, where the recess constitutes a groove for a flow path, and a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and a maximum thickness/minimum thickness ratio of 1 to 3. The insulating outer circumferential part includes an insulating thermoplastic resin composition having a volume resistivity of 1010 ?cm or more.

Abstract: A bicycle suspension includes a stroke adjustment unit, a suspension damper, a damper adjustment unit, and an electronic controller. The stroke adjustment unit is configured to adjust a stroke of the bicycle suspension, which is configured to expand and contract within the stroke. The suspension damper is configured to apply damping force to the bicycle suspension. The damper adjustment unit is configured to adjust the damping force applied by the suspension damper. The electronic controller is configured to control the stroke adjustment unit and the damper adjustment unit.

Abstract: An immersion upper layer film composition is provided which exhibits sufficient transparency for the exposure wavelength 248 nm(KrF) and 193 nm(ArF), can form a protective film on the photoresist film without being intermixed with the photoresist film, is not eluted into water used during immersion exposure to maintain a stable film, and can be easily dissolved in an alkaline developer. The composition applied to coat on the photoresist film when using an immersion exposure device which is irradiated through water provided between a lens and the photoresist film, the composition comprises a resin forming a water-stable film during irradiation and being dissolved in a subsequent developer, and a solvent containing a monovalent alcohol having 6 or less carbon atoms, and the resin contains a resin component having an alcoholic hydroxyl group on the side chain containing a fluoroalkyl group on at least the carbon atom of ?-position.