Abstract: A method of drilling under barriers (rivers, highways and the like) is set out. The horizontal drilling system mounts a guidance tool on the end of the drill string just behind the drill bit. The guidance tool includes a pair of right angle accelero meters and a 3-axis mounted gyro. The gyro furnishes data in a plane at right angles to the z-axis. This defines four data streams to the CPU enabling determination of drill bit location and pathway.

Abstract: A pulsed discharge photoinoization detector is set forth which comprises a plurality of closed chambers for receiving different types of carrier gas flowing there through between inlets and outlets. The carrier gases are exposed to a pair of electrodes forming a spark across each chamber and through each carrier gas. At least one component of each type of carrier gas is excited within each chamber by the spark discharges, and the resonance energies of each type of carrier gas are different. The sample to be analyzed is split and a portion is injected into each of the closed chambers where it is exposed to the excited carrier gases. Carrier gases, upon decay, serve as sources of ionizing radiation of differing energy which react with compounds within the sample gas producing ionization currents which are a function of the types of sample gas compounds and the types of carrier gases.

Abstract: A system for switching an antenna formed of multiple connected segments is set forth. The various segments are connected together by a switch means having, in the preferred embodiment, one or more FETs; a gate controlled terminal is connected with a bias circuit which is biased on or off by a bias circuit triggered to switch by light. The light is coupled through an optical fiber which directs light onto a portion of the bias circuit to cause operation. The bias circuit preferably includes a photo voltaic cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining a sample from a on stream plant operation is set forth. In a process plant, with a small pressure differential, fluid flow is provided through an inlet line and surplus is returned through an outlet line connected with the process plant. The inlet and outlet lines connect with a six port, position valve which is switched on rotation. There is a filling position for the valve wherein the filling position enables fluid from the process plant to flow through the inlet line and to fill a buffer tank. Sufficient flow is provided to enable purging of the inlet and outlet lines. Separately, there is a purge gas flow provided for a sample receiving container which is initially purged. On operation of the valve, the intermediate container is forced to flow into the sample receiving container through the valve at the urging the purge gas. A suitable housing is provided with a blanket of nitrogen for safety, and fugitive emissions to atmosphere are prevented.

Abstract: In an antenna array of N elements in a circle around a large through mast, direction finding capabilities are enhanced for an incoming signal where fewer elements are needed compared to standard quasi-Doppler or pseudo-Doppler methods. Azimuth detection takes advantage of the scattered wave from the through mast where measurements of amplitude and relative phase shift shows an induced distortion pattern from through mast scattered waves. Analyzing the amplitude and phase measurements determines the azimuth angle of the arrival of the incoming signal.

Abstract: The present method and apparatus are directed to river crossings and the like. A horizontal drilling rig is set up and drills under a body of water or the like. Angular measurement sensors carried at the drill bit provide data periodically which is transmitted from a transmitter at the end of the drill string. Two antennas are deployed, the two being parallel strips spaced equally on the left and right of the right of way. They connect with two receivers. The transmitted angular data is used to determine the location of the drill bit. Progressive determinations of the transmitter enable determination of the trajectory during drilling. The two antennas are used to provide redundant reception of the transmitted signal. In addition to that, a quick reading of lateral drift is obtained by measuring the ratio of the received signals. The two antennas have the form of flat strips which can be deployed across the terrain, over a river, and the like.

Abstract: A sample is loaded along with a carrier gas into a column. The column discharge is introduced into a chamber downstream of spaced electrodes which create a pulsed DC spark. The spark produces a spectral emission and a metastable carrier gas dispersion that then reacts with molecules of the sample to bring the sample to an excited state. The excess energy surrendered by the sample is characteristic of the species and can be measured by detector electrodes in the chamber.

Abstract: A wall plug type fastener comprises an elongate anchor body having arm members extending radially from the anchor body. Brace members provide support for the anchor body and permit distribution of load forces applied to the anchor. Anti-rotational flanges extending along the anchor body secure the fastener against rotational displacement when installed in a drywall. The anchor body defines a first axial void in alignment with a satellite body defining a second axial void spaced from and coaxial with the anchor axial void.

Abstract: A flow distribution method and apparatus is set forth for reducing noise and vibration immediately downstream of a noise creating device such as a partially open or closed valve element. Partially open valve elements typically create a quarter moon distribution of highly turbulent flow. The present apparatus contemplates positioning of the inlet ends of a plurality of tubes immediately downstream within the flow region of the quarter moon area to gather the turbulent flow into a plurality of small tubes. The tubes are routed along a pipe section to different areas or points in the cross sectional area to discharge the flow. The several tubes collectively smooth the fluid flow through the structure. A method is also set forth. In one alternate embodiment, the downstream end of the pipe section is larger than the inlet end, and in another version, the individual tubes are provided with enlarged outlet ends.

Abstract: A method for analyzing total bound nitrogen in a sample and providing an output data of total bound nitrogen and constituent compounds (nitrate and nitrite) is disclosed. The total nitrogen bound method provides a discrete sample through a furnace in the presence of continuous flow of water as carrier as well as oxygen carrier gas, resulting in the oxidation of the nitrogen compounds to nitric oxide. The nitrate method involves a discrete sample with water as a carrier provided to a sparge tank. The nitrite is catalytically reduced to nitric oxide in the presence of tartaric acid and ascorbic acid. The nitrate method involves a first conversion to change the nitrate to a nitrite. The first conversion occurs in the presence of a copper-cadmium catalyst causing the formation of the NO.sub.2. The nitrile is subsequently converted into NO. The nitric oxide produced in each of the three methods is measured in a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector.

Abstract: A method of removing color from crude triethylenetetramine (TETA) is disclosed. In the preferred procedure, acid treated clay or acidic form zeolite are mixed with the TETA at elevated temperatures. After several hours exposure, the TETA is distilled to obtain a decolored product. The decoloration can be a continuous or batch process. The distillation is performed in the presence or absence of the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention discloses a unique catalyst for the simultaneous sterospecific preparation of high and low molecular weight isotactic poly 1,2-butylene oxide and a method of preparation of that catalyst from butylene oxide monomer and iron chloride.

Abstract: This invention discloses a high yield azeotropic separation procedure for isomers of bisphenol A. Specifically, the o,p'-isomer is separated from the p,p'-isomer by removal of a cosolvent thus producing crystallization. Water and an organic solvent not miscible with water are used as cosolvents.

Abstract: An improved apparatus is disclosed for use in a measuring while drilling apparatus which forms a pressure pulse promulgated from a downhole location upwardly through the drill string and column of mud therein. This apparatus includes a mud line section adapted to flow drilling mud in the mud flow line through an axial passage therein. The apparatus includes an encircling bladder which receives hydraulic oil under pressure to inflate to choke the passage. A Pitot tube is focused downstream and thus does not intercept the mud flow from the pump and the noise which is created by pump operation. Mud pressure variations directed upstream from the measuring while drilling apparatus, however, are directed into the Pitot tube. These pressure variations are coupled to a pressure signal transducer which forms an output signal of some type which is recorded. Pump noise is nulled to a minimum.

Abstract: For use in recording data on chart paper mounted on a timer driven and operated, rotatable clock mechanism, improved chart paper is disclosed which incorporates a disk of paper having a writing surface thereon adapted to receive markings indicative of a measurement dependent on time, the disk incorporating a central opening. The disk further includes a pair of opposing, facing shoulders separated by a cut in the disk which shoulders include reinforcing means to thereby enable a rotating cutter to separate a single disk from adjacent stacked duplicate disks. The shoulder reinforcing means has alternate forms including a plastic wrap adjacent to both faces and the edge of one shoulder and another form comprising a tongue affixed to one shoulder and lapped beyond the opposing shoulder.

Abstract: A sky wave DF antenna system is disclosed. It is able to respond to an incoming transmitted signal and define the direction of the transmitter. It utilizes six or more simple loops connected and arranged to form a spaced loop antenna system which indicates the incoming direction of the transmitted signal without regard to the polarization or the elevational angle of the sky wave.

Abstract: A bidirectional odometer having preset features is disclosed. It further includes means for scaling the rate of counting. It incorporates a set of three, four, five or six decade gears of counting gears having numeric indicators thereon and a variable input. The gears are locked together in a sequential chain. The chain can be broken by moving retractable idlers which are moved away to permit repositioning. The device further includes an adjustment controllably locating a multiplier on positive or negative sides of a lead screw to obtain ascending or descending counting. It further incorporates a power take-off drive for rotation of the gear chain from a speedometer cable or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding data representative of keyboard music is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, the data source is a keyboard which is played by a musician which incorporates a set of switches forming key closures. The closures themselves represent the music. The music is encoded by grouping the keyboard in convenient sized groups, typically octaves, and all of these groups are input to a buffer. A multiplexer scans the buffer. Timed generators form the synchronization wave-forms, space wave-forms and mark wave-forms. All of these wave-forms are generated in timed sequence. They are input to a flip flop which forms an output word on a two wire carrier system. The two wire output encodes all data required for word decode; namely, clock, sync, mark, and space data.

Abstract: Pressure test apparatus for testing heat exchanger tubing is disclosed, and the preferred embodiment includes pressure inlet and pressure outlet means for connecting to the open ends of heat exchanger tubing. The apparatus utilizes a quick disconnect mechanism for tubing which is pressure actuated by introducing water under pressure, the water flowing into the tube and maintaining continued pressure to thereby test the tubing for leakage. For fitting around the end of the tubing, the invention thus discloses a surrounding cylindrical body which is counterbored to an internal cavity which receives a set of collets which surround the end of the pipe. The collets collectively are abutted by a pressure transmission ring at the end, the ring being exposed to the water pressure. As the water pressure increases, the collets are driven into a wedged position, jamming against the pipe to be held in the test apparatus.

Abstract: A pressure operated valve actuator is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, fluid under pressure is introduced at either end to actuate the device. The device includes a cylindrical body having top and bottom end caps which close the body. On the interior, there is a central shaft which is rotated. A piston traverses the internal cavity of the housing, the piston being urged by pressure introduced above or below the piston. The piston is prevented from rotation by specified guide posts. As the piston traverses the length of the apparatus, engagement is made by the piston and the central shaft with helical grooves receiving a ball bearing. This achieves rotational motion from the linear movement of the piston to the central shaft. This rotational movement is imparted to the shaft, and, dependent on scale factors, a specified amount of rotation, such as one-quarter turn, can be obtained. The apparatus functions bidirectionally.