Abstract: An electrodialytic process for the conversion of soda sources containing anionic and optionally nonionic impurities to high purity, high strength sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide gas is disclosed.

Abstract: A cathode assembly for a plural cell electrolyzer is provided which comprises a rigid cathode support joined to a cathode by a first set of connecting members and to an anode in an adjacent cell by a second set of connecting members. The cathode support and first set of connectors enable the cathode to maintain an essentially flat surface. The support and second set of connectors stabilize the cell frame and enable the anode likewise to maintain a flat surface. Thus, the electrodes in a cell may be set accurately flat and parallel to minimize the interelectrode gap and the cell voltage drop due to the electrolyte path, and, consequently, to improve cell efficiency.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for taking up textured yarn plugs into a cartridge is provided. The apparatus comprises a spiral-walled cartridge and means for rotating the cartridge about a vertical axis while moving it laterally. In operation, the cartridge is rotated beneath a yarn texturizer as textured yarn in plug form is deposited therein in orderly layers. Even with high-speed texturizers, cartridge speed is low. After the plugs have been deposited, the cartridge may be removed, and the yarn plugs may be pulled out for knitting or weaving.

Abstract: A composite mechanically stabilized, magnetic shield is provided which comprises a superposed layer adhesively bonded to a glassy metal alloy sheet (e.g. ribbon or fabric). Further, a procedure for providing mechanical stabilization for glassy metal alloy sheet is provided by bonding a superposed layer adhesively to the sheet. The construction results in a composite having a high degree of flexibility or rigidity. The adhesively bonded sheet prevents the glassy metal alloy ribbons or fabric from fraying when subjected to flexing and torsioning or handling. The stabilized magnetic shields are useful as electromagnetic shields in electronics and communications.

Abstract: Novel single film bipolar membranes, of substantially improved efficiency and durability, i.e. having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared from pre-swollen films containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Under controlled conditions, highly dissociable cationic-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the aromatic nuclei to a desired depth of the film from one side only; subsequently, highly dissociable anion-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the unreacted aromatic nuclei on the other side of the film. The functionalized, densely structured single film ion exchange membrane undergoes negligible degradation, is blister free, and is uniquely suited for electrodialysis particularly water-splitting operations due to its low electrical resistance and low salt leakage.

Abstract: Polymeric metaphosphate glasses, [M(PO.sub.3).sub.b ].sub.n, having chemical durabilities at least 40-400 times greater than those of the prior art are provided. In the formula, M is selected from the group consisting of Al, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd and Zn, and "b" has a value of 3 for Al and 2 for the other cations. The high durabilities of the glasses are achieved by controlled preparation of the precursor compounds in specific stoichiometric proportion, by heating the precursors in a controlled thermal cycle to induce preliminary polymerization of the intermediates, by thereafter melting said intermediates, and by subsequently holding said melt for a time to complete the polymerization. The melt is then cast to form the glass which is then annealed in the normal manner.The disclosure involves in particular single high purity compound precursors which form single phase glasses.

Abstract: Stable bipolar membranes of high permselectivity and low potential drop are prepared using either an anion or cation preformed first layer upon which a second layer or coating of an ion exchange resin of the opposite charge carried in a matrix polymer is applied. The second layer may be suitably applied such as by casting as a slurry of the ion exchange resin in a solution or by laminating a layer comprising a dispersion of the resin in a solid or fused polymer. Optionally, the surface of the first layer may be treated to increase the resin concentration and/or bonding at the interface, such as by sanding, etching, etc.

Abstract: A process is provided for welding metal bodies together, at least one of the metal bodies comprising a metallic material that is at least 50% glassy. The process comprises (a) clamping overlapped portions of the bodies between electrodes and applying a clamping force to the overlapped portions; (b) passing an electrical current having a rapid decay such that at least about 90% of the energy is delivered in less than about 4 .times. 10.sup.-3 sec through the bodies to melt at least a portion of one of the bodies, and (c) extracting heat from the bodies through the electrodes at a rate of at least about 10.sup.5 .degree. C/sec by employing high conductivity electrodes having a thermal conductivity of at least about 0.30 cal/sec/cm.sup.2 /.degree. C to form a weld nugget joining the bodies. The weld nugget so formed has a shear strength which is at least 25% of the tensile strength of the body having the lowest tensile strength.

Abstract: Improvement in the contact sulfuric acid process employing double conversion, double absorption using a cold, sulfur dioxide-containing feed gas stream obtained from a wet gas purification plant, which involves by-passing a portion of the cold feed gas stream around the primary conversion and intermediate absorption sections, and introducing it directly into the secondary conversion section, results in energy savings by reducing amount of power required to transport the gas through the plant, and by increasing the amount of recoverable heat of reaction from the secondary conversion section.

Abstract: An apparatus which grips the tail end of a rapidly traversing metal filament that has been wound onto a winding reel. The apparatus comprises a triggering means, which when actuated, pivots a grip lever that is mounted on the rotating reel support and locks the end of the advancing filament to the winding reel without interrupting the movement of either the filament or reel.

Abstract: Glassy metal alloys of compositions in the Be-Ti-Zr system suitable as temperature sensing elements for resistance thermometers are provided. The compositions consist essentially of about 20 to 45 atom percent beryllium, about 2 to 80 atom percent zirconium, 0 to about 2 atom percent of at least one metal of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel and cobalt, and the balance essentially titanium and incidental impurities. The alloys of the invention combine a high temperature coefficient of resistance and negligible temperature-dependent magneto-resistance.

Abstract: A complex containing three moles of alpha-amino-e-caprolactam and one mol of magnesium chloride, as such or containing also one mol of ethanol or isopropanol. The complex is useful for resolution of the alpha-amino-e-caprolactam optical isomers, in supersaturated solution containing ethanol, isopropanol, or methanol by contacting such solution with crystals of the complex.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for testing viscoelastic solids, such as tire cord. The apparatus includes: holding means, pretension means, first and second displacement generators, and mechanical-electrical transforming means. The holding means holds the material in a predetermined position. The pretension means applies tension during testing. The first displacement generator has an eccentric means for applying cyclic displacement. The second displacement generator applies cyclic displacement to the material co-directional with that applied by the first displacement generator, but of smaller amplitude and higher frequency. The mechanical-electrical transforming means transforms mechanical motion into electrical signals, such as a stress signal, a strain signal and a differentiated strain signal.

Abstract: Improved novel single film bipolar membranes having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Before the styrenated sheet is chemically functionalized, the film surface is specifically treated, i.e. cleaned to make it more receptive to functional groups, so that the cationic-exchange groups and anion-exchange groups can be introduced homogeneously from each side of the surface-cleaned film, and a single-film bipolar membrane of superior durability, stability, and quality control results.

Abstract: Novel copolyester-polyepoxide compositions possessing a high green strength and tack before curing and characterized by having a single discernible glass transition temperature are produced. The compositions are composed of a copolyester and a polyepoxide mixture containing high, intermediate and low molecular weight components. They are especially useful as gap-filling adhesives and for various other adhesive applications. Methods of preparation are also described.

Abstract: Precursors for the preparation of phosphate glasses are provided. Controlled preparation of the precursors in precise stoichiometric proportions enable the preparation of glasses which are stable and possess superior optical properties of an order similar to optical glasses. Suitable precursors within the contemplation of the invention are those having the formula:M(H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.nwherein M is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Al, Zn, Cd, Fe, Sn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co, Ga, and In and the alkaline earth metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba and wherein n has a value of 2 or 3 depending on whether M is a divalent or trivalent ion. Mixtures of these compounds may be employed, the admixture being made prior to melting stoichiometric equivalent precursor mixture. In addition, any combination of precursors containing divalent and/or trivalent cations may be selected.

Abstract: Thermal energy storage systems employing metal hydrides are useful for storing thermal energy produced, for example, by solar radiation. The metal hydrides, examples of which include FeTiH and the VH-VH.sub.2 reaction system, evidence ease of reversibility of the metal-hydrogen reaction and have relatively high heats of formation. An additional advantage of the metal hydrides over other thermal storage materials is that the metal hydrides permit a greater degree of control to be exercised over the rate of heat evolution when needed.

Abstract: A new series of glassy metal alloys with near-zero magnetostriction is disclosed. The glassy alloys have the composition (Co.sub.x Fe.sub.1.sub.-x).sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c, where x ranges from about 0.84 to 1.0, a ranges from about 78 to 85 atom percent, b ranges from about 10 to 22 atom percent and c ranges from 0 to 12 atom percent, with the proviso that the sum of b and c ranges from about 15 to 22 atom percent. The magnetostriction of these alloys ranges from about +5 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.6 to -5 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.6 and the saturation induction is at least about 10 kGauss. The transition metal content is responsible for the low magnetostriction in these alloys, as well as their high saturation induction. The metalloid content (needed to stabilize the glassy state which is one of low anisotropy) strongly affects the saturation induction and Curie temperature, but not the magnetostriction.

Abstract: Binary amorphous alloys of iron or cobalt and boron have high mechanical hardnesses and soft magnetic properties and do not embrittle when heat treated at temperatures employed in subsequent processing steps, as compared with prior art amorphous alloys. The alloys have the formula M.sub.a B.sub.b, where M is iron or cobalt, a ranges from about 75 to 85 atom percent and b ranges from 15 to 25 atom percent.

Abstract: A flexible electromagnetic shield is provided. The shield comprises interlaced filaments of at least one glassy metal alloy. The glassy alloy has a maximum permeability of at least about 50,000 and a coercivity of less than about 0.08 Oe.