Abstract: A finely divided particulate toner composition is provided comprising a colorant and an amorphous, low-melting aromatic polyester wherein the polyester contains within the polymer chain at least about 30 mole percent of at least one divalent radical selected from the group consisting of:A. an asymmetrical arylene radical represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein [Ar] is a divalent arylene radical containing from 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, R is selected from the group of radicals consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, halo, sulfo and alkali metal salts thereof, nitro, cyano, lower alkoxy, amino, thio lower alkoxy and --N(R').sub.p wherein each R' can be independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and p is an integer of 2 or 3, each m is independently a number from 0 to 1 and n is a number from 0 to 3, andB.

Abstract: A method and composition for development of a latent electrostatic image with a liquid developer is disclosed. The non-volatile, non-hygroscopic, conductive liquid developer has a viscosity suitable for convenient application to an imaged surface in the development of latent electrostatic images. The developer composition comprises a coloring agent, a binder, and a dispersing agent in triethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

Abstract: Surfaces are cleaned of liquid developer by a blade having a configuration which deflects material away from the surface undergoing cleaning while it cleans the surface as a scraper blade. The blade provides a scraper function in addition to conveying the liquid developer cleaned from the surface to a retention reservoir.

Abstract: Positive and negative copies are formed from both positive and negative originals by developing with both positively and negatively charged toner and selectively transferring toner of one polarity to produce a positive or negative print. The developer may be comprised of two toners and a single carrier; two carriers and a single toner or a single toner and a single carrier.

Abstract: Polyorgano siloxanes having functional mercapto groups are applied to a heated fuser member in an electrostatic reproducing apparatus to form thereon a thermally stable, renewable, self-cleaning layer having superior toner release properties for electroscopic thermoplastic resin toners. The polyorgano siloxane fluids having functional mercapto groups interact with the fuser member in such a manner as to form an interfacial barrier at the surface of the fuser member while leaving an unreacted, low surface energy release fluid as an outer layer or film. The interfacial barrier is strongly attached to the fuser member surface and prevents toner material from contacting the outer surface of the fuser member. The material on the surface of the fuser member is of minimal thickness and thereby represents a minimal thermal barrier.

Abstract: A resilient, patterned liquid developer applicator having raised and depressed areas for applying liquid developer to latent electrostatic images, is doctored by contacting it first with a squeegee roller to meter the depressed areas and subsequently with a relatively rigid raised area cleaning blade. The applicator has a resilient surface with a hardness of more than 60 Shore A and is provided with a plural number of finely divided discrete depressions and raised portions, and the squeegee doctor roller has a non-absorbing surface which has a hardness generally greater than the hardness of the surface of the applicator so that developer is squeezed from the depressions when the raised areas are deformed by the action of the squeegee roller.

Abstract: A system is provided for the production of an electrostatographic copy of an original comprising:A. means for forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatographic surface;B. means for bringing the electrostatic image into developing configuration with a patterned applicator containing polar liquid developer to produce a developed image; andC. means for varying the contact time between said electrostatic image and said liquid developer applicator to thereby change the amount of liquid developer deposited on the surface areas of relatively low potential without significantly affecting the amount of liquid developer deposited in areas of relatively high potential.By variation of the time allowed for development, contrast variations in the developed image can be provided over a range of development speeds without a significant variation in the maximum density of the developed image.

Abstract: Liquid developer compositions for development of latent electrostatic images are disclosed. The electrostatic printing inks dry at ambient temperatures by penetration into paper leaving a continuous film having excellent rub resistance on the surface. The non-volatile, low viscosity inks comprise about 3-20% pigment and/or dye, about 5-35% of resinous particles having a size of 5 microns or less and having glass transition temperatures close to or below ambient temperature, said resinous particles being dispersed in the liquid carrier, 0-25% dispersing agent and about 25-90% non-volatile, high boiling organic liquid carrier and/or solvent.

Abstract: An apparatus controls the pressure of a doctoring means against an applicator surface to compensate for charges in the ambient temperature. The apparatus comprises a set of jaws which bring the doctoring means to pressure contact with the applicator surface upon closing and a means for limiting the closing of the jaws at lower temperatures to provide doctoring under reduced pressure at lower temperatures.

Abstract: An electrostatographic apparatus having a movable liquid development assembly to compensate for variance between the liquid developer applicator roll and the imaging surface in which the development assembly comprises a reservoir receptacle having a liquid developer applicator roll member movable into and out of contact with the surface of an imaging member, the receptacle having support means including a plurality of arms to suspend the development assembly from a fixed support.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the conditioning of reusable imaging surfaces after the liquid development thereon of a charge pattern and the transfer therefrom of the developed image to eliminate subsequent transfer of residual liquid developer from the imaging surface cleaned by conventional methods, is described. The imaging surface is prepared for a subsequent cycle by bringing the imaging surface into moving contact with a stationary, compressible pad having a pattern of raised and depressed areas redistributing streaks and deposits of liquid developer remaining on an imaging surface after bringing the imaging surface into moving contact with conventional cleaning means.

Abstract: Ink compositions and particularly liquid developer compositions wherein the viscosity is insensitive to temperature changes, are disclosed. The developers, the viscosities of which are substantially insensitive to temperature changes, comprise by weight about 3-25 percent resin binder, about 1-3 percent of alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersing agent, the ratio of the dispersing agent to the pigment being about 5-15 percent and about 25-90 percent organic liquid carrier and/or solvent, the dispersing agent being soluble in the carrier and/or solvent.

Abstract: A silicone rubber surface for fixing resinous powder images to a substrate at elevated temperatures in a xerographic reproducing apparatus is disclosed. The silicone rubber surface prevents offset of the image by supplying inherently a release material to the surface. Dispersed in the silicone rubber is a catalytic agent which in the presence of water or moisture, promotes the degradation of the silicone rubber over a period of time at elevated temperatures. The release material is the degradation product of the silicone rubber, and release is possible throughout the lifetime of the fuser surface without the external application of release materials.

Abstract: A silicone rubber surface for fixing resinous powder images to a substrate at elevated temperatures in a xerographic reproducing apparatus is disclosed. The silicone rubber surface prevents offset of the image by supplying inherently a release material to the surface. Dispersed in the silicone rubber is an agent capable of supplying water over a period of time at elevated temperatures, and the release material is a degradation product of the silicone rubber provided by the hydrolysis of the silicone rubber.

Abstract: A method and ink composition for development of an electrostatic latent image with liquid developer is disclosed. The liquid developer has a viscosity suitable for convenient application to an imaged surface in the development of latent electrostatic images and has improved conductivity resulting from incorporating conductivity control agents in the form of quaternary ammonium compounds which are soluble in the carrier of the ink composition. The conductive ink composition comprises a coloring agent, optionally a binder and a dispersing agent, a carrier and a quaternary ammonium compound soluble in the liquid carrier.

Abstract: A xerographic apparatus having an improved liquid developer applicator is disclosed. The liquid developer applicator comprises a hollow, cylindrical, deformable fluid dispensing sleeve member having an outer elastomeric layer characterized by an outer surface having a relief pattern for carrying fluid developer provided from a reservoir to a photoconductor surface. The hollow, cylindrical, deformable fluid dispensing sleeve is also characterized by multiple inner layers which are provided to impart desirable properties and characteristics to the sleeve member. The fluid developer applicator is particularly useful in developing latent electrostatic images on photoconductor surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing a selected image by electrostatically attracting development fluid toward a receiving medium is disclosed. The apparatus includes a patterned gravure roll having a plurality of pockets movable into facing relationship with the receiving medium, the pockets being adapted to carry discrete quantities of development fluid characterized by a meniscus. The gravure roll further includes means defined by each of the pockets, defining a constant point of maximum meniscus reach, and lands for spacing each of the constant points a predetermined distance from the receiving medium when corresponding pockets are moved into facing relationship with the receiving medium.

Abstract: Method for cleaning liquid developer from upwardly moving support surfaces, such as reuable surfaces used for carrying latent electrostatic images. Surfaces are cleaned by a wiper blade and at least one scraper blade adapted to engage the support surface. The wiper blade acts upon the support surface upstream of the scraper blade.

Abstract: An article of manufacture for use in the fluid development of electrostatic images is disclosed. The article is characterized by a substantially cylindrical roll which has at least one volute groove partitioned into a plurality of cells for carrying a quantity of development fluid. The partitions prevent a doctor blade, applicable to the cylindrical roll from penetrating too deeply into the cells and thereby prevent substantial quantities of development fluid from being removed from the cells during doctoring.

Abstract: Rolls, belts and other biasable members having controlled resistivity are described. The resistivity of the elastomeric resilient polyurethane coating on biasable members is controlled by ionic additives incorporated in the polyurethane. Biasable members having at least one layer or coating of a hydrophilic elastomeric polyurethane containing resistivity altering compounds or agents have substantially reduced resistivity changes with changes in relative humidity. The utility of such biasable members is in the transfer of xerographic images from a photoconductor to a final support sheet where the member, for example, a bias transfer roll, electrically cooperates with a photoconductor to establish a directional force field therebetween.