Abstract: A meander-shaped low-pressure mercury discharge lamp with cold electrodes (7, 8), in particular for use in an illumination panel for a liquid crystal display. The geometry of the tubular lamp vessel (1) bent into a meander shape is so chosen, for obtaining a good homogeneity of the luminance and a high luminous efficacy, that the length of the discharge path is between 250 and 1000 times the internal diameter of the lamp vessel (1). The internal diameter of the lamp vessel (1) preferably has a value of between 2.0 and 3.5 mm.

Abstract: Apparatus for animating a figure includes a head pivotably connected to a body, a control rod having a lower end fixed in the head and an upper end pivotable about an axis through a handle, and a second rod suspending the body from the handle remotely from the pivot axis, whereby pivoting the control rod about the pivot axis causes the head to pivot with respect to the body, giving the appearance of a change in posture. The head is preferably mounted for universal movement with respect to the body, and the rod is mounted for rotation with respect to the handle about a longitudinal rod axis which is perpendicular to the pivot axis. Rotating the control rod thus causes the head to rotate with respect to the body, giving the impression of looking left and right.

Abstract: An epitaxial layer with a doping of approximately 10.sup.12 atoms per cm.sup.2 is used in accordance with the resurf condition for the high-voltage circuit element in high-voltage integrated circuits of the resurf type. If the circuit comprises a zone which is provided in the epitaxial layer, which is of the same conductivity type as the substrate, and to which a high voltage is applied, the doping between this zone and the substrate must in addition be sufficiently high for preventing punch-through between the zone and the substrate. A known method of complying with these two requirements is to make the epitaxial layer very thick. It is found in practice, however, that this method is often not very well reproducible. According to the invention, the epitaxial layer is provided in the form of a high-ohmic layer which is doped from the upper side (3a) and from a buried layer (3b).

Abstract: A backlight luminaire (50) is provided with at least two tubular fluorescent lamps (44, 45), with portions of the lamps (44, 45) exhibiting a variation in spectral characteristic in the longitudinal direction. The portions of the lamps are so positioned relative to each other that the spectral characteristic of a portion of a first lamp (44) and the spectral characteristic of a portion of a second lamp (45), which portions are arranged one beside the other, vary in opposite directions. The luminaire is further provided with a plurality of sub-reflectors (42, 43), the majority of the sub-reflectors (43) being provided with said portion of the first lamp (44) and said portion of the second lamp (45). Preferably, the majority of the lamps (44, 45) is distributed over more than one sub-reflector (43). Preferably, the lamps (44, 45) are U-shaped and alternately connected in series.

Abstract: A backlight luminaire (50) comprising a plurality of fluorescent lamps (44, 45) and a plurality of sub-reflectors (42, 43) is characterized in that the majority of the sub-reflectors (43) are provided with a portion of more than one lamp. In addition, the majority of the lamps (44, 45) are distributed over more than one sub-reflector (43). The lamps (44, 45) are preferably U-shaped and alternately connected in series. The backlight luminaire (50) is employed in liquid-crystal display devices (51) to attain a uniform light distribution.

Abstract: Metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge vessel having electrodes with spacing EA, internal diameter Di, and EA/Di>5. Ionizable filling comprises NaI and CeI.sub.3, and a coldest spot temperature of 1100-1500 K is achieved.

Abstract: A structure and method for a collection system for a projector includes a collector for reflecting light and a correcting mechanism for receiving the reflected light. The collector and the correcting mechanism, in combination, correct the light and output a light beam having a uniform image size.

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge lamp and the method of making same utilizing integrated circuit fabrication techniques. The lamp is manufactured from heat and pressure resistant planar substrates in which cavities are etched, by integrated circuit manufacturing techniques, so as to provide a cavity forming the gas discharge tube. Electrodes are deposited in the cavity. The cavity is filled with gas discharge materials such as mercury vapor, sodium vapor or metal halide. The substrates are bonded together and channels may be etched in the substrate so as to provide a means for connection to the electrodes. Lamps having ignition enhancing and hot restrike features, as well as single-sided electrodes, are disclosed.

Abstract: The electric lamp has an information-displaying external coating (3) which is provided on the lamp envelope. The coating (3) comprises a metal oxide as the pigment, which is dispersed in a polysiloxane matrix which may contain lithium. The coating (3) is obtained by using a marking ink, which may be applied by means of an ink jet printing process.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a lamp vessel (1) in which a filament (3) is disposed substantially concentric with the longitudinal axis (2) of the lamp vessel (1). Current conductors (4) extend from the lamp vessel (1), an internal conductor (10) part of which is substantially concentrically with the axis (2) and has an end portion (11) having unround cross-sections (12). An end portion (6) of the filament (3) is wound onto the unround cross-sections (12) of a respective internal conductor (10) to constitute clamping windings (5). The lamp is of a simple construction to obtain reliably a concentrically mounted filament.

Abstract: The reflector lamp has a reflector body (1) having a neck-shaped portion (4) with an end face (5). An electric lamp (10) having a lamp vessel (11) with elongate end portions (12,13) and in which an electric element (14) is present, is mounted inside the reflector body (1), its first end portion (12) being fixed in the neck-shaped portion (4) and its electric element (14) being aligned with respect to the optical axis (3) of the reflector body (1). The lamp (10) is fixed by means of a first (30) and a second clamping member (40), which are initially movable with respect to the lamp (10) and one to the other, and which are rigidly secured one to the other after alignment of the electric element (14). The first clamping member (30) is kept positioned against the end face (5).

Abstract: A system includes optical discs of a first type and optical discs of a second type having a transparent substrate with a thickness greater than that of the transparent substrate of the optical discs of the first type. The system further comprises a scanning device which is capable of scanning optical discs of both types and which comprises an actuator and an objective for focusing a radiation beam passing through the substrate of an optical disc so as to form a scanning spot (S) on an information surface. The actuator comprises a first actuator section and a second actuator section including the objective, which second actuator section is movable relative to the first actuator section. The system further comprises compensation means for compensating for the difference in thickness (t.sub.2 -t.sub.

Abstract: A thermistor comprising a semiconductor ceramic of a mixed crystal oxide composed of rare-earth metals having the composition?Y.sub.a Gd.sub.b Sm.sub.c Tb.sub.d !.sub.2 O.sub.3,wherein0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.9950.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.9950.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.9950.01.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.0.995, anda=0 if b=0, orb=0 if a=0,has a high-temperature stability and can be used at temperatures up to 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: The capped electric lamp has a glass bulb (1) having an opening (3) which is sealed with an insulator plate (4). The lamp cap (20) has a circumferential wall (22) which seizes about a circumferential rim (7) of the plate (4) and presses the plate (4) against an abutment (24) in the cap (20). Thereby, an electric element (9) in the bulb (1) which is mounted in a predetermined position with respect to the plate (4), has a predetermined position with respect to references (25) at the cap (1).

Abstract: A lithographic device comprising a mask table (5), a projection system (3), a substrate table (1) which is displaceable relative to the projection system (3) by means of a drive unit (21), and a measuring system (39) for measuring a position of the substrate table (1) relative to the projection system (3). A stationary part (157) of the drive unit (21) is fastened to a machine frame (85) of the lithographic device, while a stationary part (51, 53, 55) of the measuring system (39) is fastened to a reference frame (89) of the lithographic device which is dynamically isolated from the machine frame (85) by means of dynamic isolators (95). This prevents vibrations caused in the machine frame (85) by reaction forces of the drive unit (21) from being transmitted to the reference frame (89), so that the accuracy of the measuring system (39) is not adversely affected by such vibrations.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline cholesterically ordered layer comprising reactive chiral monomers and reactive nematogenic monomers having a different reactivity is polymerized by exposure to radiation. The intensity of the radiation is increased substantially, preferably by a factor of 10 or more, when a desired edge position of the band is reached. As a result, the bandwidth and edge position of the reflection band reached at that moment are frozen as it were. A monochromatic sensor can be used to determine whether said edge position has been reached, the wavelength used by the sensor corresponding to the wavelength of the desired edge position of the band. Broadband, cholesteric polarizers having a well-defined bandwidth and edge position can very advantageously be used in a display.

Abstract: The invention relates to a signal lamp comprising a box-shaped housing having an open end, a number of LEDs being provided in the housing and the open end of the housing being closed by means of a spreading window. The invention is characterized in that the LEDs are clustered around the central axis of the housing and in that the lamp comprises a positive lens (preferably a fresnel lens). The signal lamp in accordance with the invention provides an optimum, homogeneous brightness distribution on the surface of the spreading window. Preferably, the lens has a focal distance f, the LEDs are arranged at a distance v from the lens, and 0.55<v/f<0.975. This measure contributes to the intended optimum homogeneous brightness distribution.

Abstract: The luminaire for a tubular electric lamp (3) has, in a housing (1) with a light emission window (2) in plane P, reflectors (5) at either side of the lamp (3) and a number of slats (10) transverse to the reflectors (5) below the lamp (3). The slats (10) are V-shaped in cross-section and have an inner surface (11) facing the lamp (3). The inner surface (11) has a central zone (12) and flanks (13) which extend at an angle away from plane P. The inner surface (11) has end zones (14) near the reflectors (5) which are in a plane Q parallel to plane P. The longitudinal axis (4) of the lamp (3) is situated in a region extending from plane Q towards plane P. Although the slats are relatively small, bright spots within the shielding angle of the luminaire are avoided.

Abstract: The low pressure sodium discharge lamp has a discharge vessel (1) having pinch seals (2) through which current conductors (4) extend towards electrodes (3) inside the discharge vessel (1). The current conductors (4) each have a first glass coating (5), which extends from inside a pinch seal (2) into the discharge vessel (1) and a second lime glass coating (6) abutting the first (5) and extending to outside the discharge vessel (1). A new first sodium resistant glass coating (5), which is substantially devoid of borate, is defined.

Abstract: A printed circuit board with a metal layer (15) arranged on its lower side and HF components (11, 12) arranged on its upper side, which components are connected by their input and/or output sides to HF sources, HF loads, or other HF components via microribbon lines (13, 14) and can be connected to a DC current source (21) via a separate connection line (20). To render possible a current-saving series arrangement of at least two HF components (11, 12),the metal layer (15) is electrically separated from the surrounding metal layer (15) by a gap (16) in the connection region of at least one HF component (11), andthe metal island (17) thus formed in the region below the microribbon connection line (13) associated with the HF component (11) has an HF coupling to the adjoining metal layer (15).