Abstract: A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display which can achieve substantially uniform luminance over the entire display screen includes: a light-guide plate guiding incident light and having a diffusion pattern for emitting light upward, the diffusion pattern being formed on at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the light-guide plate; and a point light source assembly disposed on at least one side portion of the light-guide plate, the point light source assembly including a plurality of point-light-source elements and a support substrate, in which the point-light-source elements are disposed on the support substrate and supply the light to the light-guide plate. An edge portion of one surface of the light-guide plate, which is adjacent to the point light source assembly, includes a first region corresponding to the point-light-source elements and a second region corresponding to a position between the point-light-source elements.

Abstract: An integrated circuit package includes an integrated circuit with one or more on-chip inductors. A package cover covers the integrated circuit. A magnetic material is provided between the integrated circuit and the package cover. The magnetic material may be a soft magnetic thin film. The magnetic material may be affixed to the package cover by an adhesive. The magnetic material may be formed directly on the package cover by one of deposition, sputtering or spraying. The magnetic material may be affixed to the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A test board includes a plurality of test modules. Each test module stores a first control signal, a data signal, and a second control signal in response to a clock signal, and tests a corresponding device under test (DUT) using the first control signal and the stored data signal in response to the second control signal to generate an error signal indicating whether the DUT is defective. Each test module outputs the first control signal, the data signal, and the second control signal to a test module in a next stage, and each test module of a subsequent stage receives the error signal stored generated by a test module in a previous stage in response to the clock signal.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a metal interconnection and a method of fabricating image sensor using the same are provided. The method of fabricating a metal interconnection including forming a interlayer dielectric layer on a substrate, forming an interconnection formation region in the interlayer dielectric layer, performing an ultraviolet (UV) treatment on the substrate after the interconnection formation region is formed and forming a metal interconnection in the interconnection formation region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-emitting element, a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device. A method of manufacturing a light-emitting element includes: forming a first conductive layer of a first conductive type, a light-emitting layer, and a second conductive layer of a second conductive type on at least one first substrate, forming an ohmic layer on the second conductive layer and bonding the at least one first substrate to a second substrate. The second substrate being larger than the first substrate. The method further includes etching portions of the ohmic layer, the second conductive layer, and the light-emitting layer to expose a portion of the first conductive layer.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a substrate, a plurality of first storage electrodes, a plurality of second storage electrodes, a first supporting layer pattern, a dielectric layer and a plate electrode. A plurality of contact pads is formed I the substrate. The first storage electrodes are arranged along lines parallel with a first direction and electrically connected to the contact pads, respectively. The second storage electrodes are respectively stacked on the first storage electrodes. The first supporting layer pattern extends in a direction parallel with the first direction between adjacent second storage electrodes and makes contact with the adjacent second storage electrodes to support the second storage electrodes. The dielectric layer is formed on the first and second storage electrodes. The plate electrode is formed on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for determining status of system resources in a computer system includes loading a first operating system into a first memory, wherein the first operating system discovers system resources and reserves a number of the system resources for use of an augmenting operating system, loading the augmenting operating system into a second memory reserved for the augmenting operating system by the first operating system, accessing the first memory from the augmenting operating system and obtaining data, running a process on the augmenting operating system to perform a computation using the data obtained from the first memory, and outputting the results of the computation using the system resources reserved for the augmenting operating system.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate including a first electrode and a second electrode formed thereon, a second substrate including a third electrode formed thereon, wherein the second substrate is spaced apart from the first substrate by a gap, and at least one cutout formed in the third electrode, wherein the at least one cutout is aligned with a space between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel includes: a substrate, a gate line disposed on the substrate, a data line intersecting the gate line, a drain electrode separated from the data line a first insulating layer covering the data line, a color filter disposed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer disposed on the color filter and having a contact hole exposing the drain electrode and the color filter and a pixel electrode disposed on the second insulating layer and connected to the drain electrode through the contact hole. The contact hole partially exposes the color filter near a portion where the drain electrode and the pixel electrode are connected to each other, and the pixel electrode covers the color filter exposed through the contact hole.

Abstract: A frequency detector includes an error measurement unit measuring a time interval between zero-crossing points of an input signal that is modulated. An error conversion unit quantizes the measured time interval using one of modulation time intervals. An error calculation unit calculates a frequency error based upon a difference between the measured time interval and the quantized time interval. An error generation control unit controls whether to output the frequency error based upon the quantized time interval, the calculated frequency error, and a predetermined critical value.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes resistive memory devices in a three-dimensional structure. A block select circuit generates a block select signal for selecting a memory block. In response to the block select signal, local word line selection units connected to each memory block connect global word lines connected to a word line decoder and local word lines, and local bit line selection units connected to each memory block connect global bit lines connected to a sense amplifier and local bit lines. Each memory block includes local word lines which extend in a first direction and are stacked in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction on a second plane perpendicular to a first plane. Local bit lines extend in the second direction to cross local word lines. Memory cells are formed at cross-points where local word lines and local bit lines cross one another.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes an optical sheet, a receiving member configured to receive the optical sheet, the receiving member having a support surface supporting the optical sheet, an extension configured to protrude from a side surface of the optical sheet, an inner surface position defining portion configured to define a location of the optical sheet, the inner surface position defining portion being substantially perpendicular to the support surface of the receiving member and facing an inner surface of the extension, and an outer surface position defining portion substantially perpendicular to the supporting surface of the receiving member and facing an outer surface of the extension, wherein a first distance between the inner surface position defining portion and the inner surface of the extension is less than a second distance between the outer surface position defining portion and the outer surface of the extension.

Abstract: A gamma control circuit includes a first gray-scale voltage selection unit that selects and outputs a highest gray-scale voltage and a lowest gray-scale voltage from among a plurality of first voltages present between a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage. A second gray-scale voltage selection unit receives the highest and lowest gray-scale voltages and selects and outputs a first intermediate voltage and a second intermediate voltage between the highest and lowest gray-scale voltages. A third gray-scale voltage selection unit receives the highest and lowest gray-scale voltages and the first and second intermediate voltages and generates a plurality of reference voltages from the received voltages. A gray-scale voltage generation unit receives the highest and lowest gray-scale voltages and the plurality of reference voltages and outputs a plurality of gray-scale voltages.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor substrate, a semiconductor pattern is formed on a substrate, a first etch stop layer and a second etch stop layer are sequentially formed on the semiconductor pattern, and the second etch stop layer and the first etch stop layer are sequentially patterned to form a second etch stop pattern and a first etch stop pattern. Thus, when the second etch stop layer is patterned using an etchant, the first etch stop layer covers the semiconductor pattern, thereby preventing the semiconductor pattern from being etched by the etchant.

Abstract: A flash memory system includes a memory unit including a main cell that stores main data and a parity cell that stores parity data, and an ECC receiving a codeword including the stored main data and the stored parity data, performing error correction on the codeword by executing an operation on a finite field with respect to the codeword, and an element of the finite field comprising a codeword corresponding to an erased page of the memory unit.

Abstract: A computing device for securely executing authorized code includes a protected memory for storing authorized code, which contains an original digital signature, and a processor in signal communication with the protected memory for preparing to execute code from the protected memory by verifying that a digital signature contained in the code is original in accordance with a public key, and if the original digital signature is verified, then branching to a copy of the authorized code in the protected memory to begin execution.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit including a detector and a secure checker. The detector generates a detection signal upon sensing an abnormal state in an operating environment of the semiconductor integrated circuit. The secure checker generates a check signal to find an operating condition of the detector and receives the detection signal. The detector activates the detection signal in response to the check signal.

Abstract: A flash memory device having a vertical channel structure. The flash memory device includes a substrate having a surface that extends in a first direction, a channel region having a pillar shape and extending from the substrate in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, a gate dielectric layer formed around the channel region, a memory cell string comprising a plurality of transistors sequentially formed around the channel region in the second direction, wherein the gate dielectric layer is disposed between the plurality of transistors and the channel region, and a bit line connected to one of the plurality of transistors, and surrounding a side wall and an upper surface of one end of the channel region so as to directly contact the channel region.

Abstract: A method of transforming relational queries of a database into on a data processing system includes receiving a series of relational queries, transforming first parts of the queries into a continuous query embodied as a streaming application, sending parameters in second parts of the queries in the series to the streaming application as a data stream, and executing the continuous query based on the received data stream to generate query results for the series of relational queries. Each query in the series includes a first part and a second part. The first parts are a pattern common to all the queries in the series and the second parts each have one or more parameters that are not common to all of the queries in the series.

Abstract: A security system is provided. The security system includes a terminal system and a smart card. The terminal system generates relative fingerprint information of a user from absolute fingerprint information of the user, determines a similarity between the generated relative feature information of the user and registered relative fingerprint information of a smart card owner transmitted from the smart card to generate variation information, and applies the variation information to the user absolute fingerprint information to generate modified user absolute fingerprint information. The smart card determines the similarity between the modified user absolute feature information and registered absolute feature information of the smart card owner to perform a certification operation.