Abstract: A charge domain filter device includes a SINC filter with a frequency characteristic expressed by a SINC function, and a bandpass filter connected to an output end of the SINC filter and having a frequency characteristic with a particular center frequency.

Abstract: Bleaching a particulate calcium carbonate aqueous slurry with a reductive bleaching agent such as formamidine sulfinic acid increases the viscosity of the slurry. Combining the slurry with a metal material such as strontium hydroxide reduces any increase in viscosity of the bleached calcium carbonate slurry. Addition of the reductive bleaching agent and/or the metal material takes place prior to, during or after the manufacture of the slurry or the bleaching step. Metal materials in one embodiment include those that form substantially water insoluble precipitates of the reductive bleaching reaction products.

Abstract: The invention is an illumination unit for point illumination of a medium where at least one light emitter is arranged to illuminate at least one illumination face via a first lens arrangement and a microshutter arrangement. The lens arrangement has at least one microlens arranged with respect to each microshutter so that light emitted from the light emitter is focused on or in the vicinity of the optical axis of the light channel of the individual microshutters. The fed coherent light from the light emitters is modulated by the microshutters onto the illumination face.