Abstract: A vertical polygonal heat exchange chamber includes an upper opening, a lower opening, and an enclosure formed between the upper and lower openings. The enclosure includes at least one tapered portion that narrows in a direction toward one of the openings. The tapered portion is lined with N first water tube panels arranged adjacent to and alternately with N second water tube panels, where N is an integer greater than two. Each of the first and second water tube panels is angled inwardly from the widest part of the tapered portion toward the interior of the enclosure, with each of the first water tube panels being angled inwardly to a greater degree than each of the second water tube panels.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes first and second lenses, first and second detection devices, and a control device. The first lens varies magnification, and the second lens, positioned on a focal-plane side of the first lens, corrects variation of an image forming position. The first detection device detects at least one of temperature and humidity. The second detection device detects positions of the first and second lenses. The control device controls movement of the second lens during movement of the first lens by using outputs from both the first and second detection devices.

Abstract: Using a recording head with 8 nozzles, and feeding paper or recording medium by an amount equal to 2 nozzles at each recording scan, recording is made with respect to first and second rasters in a first recording scan by #7 and #8 nozzles. At this moment, the #7 nozzle has a SMS printing rate of 1/3, and the #8 nozzle has a printing rate of 1/4. Initial values of a context memory are both 0. After the paper is fed by 2 nozzle distance, in a second recording scan, first--fourth rasters are recorded by #5-#8 nozzles. Rasters to be recorded are increased by 2 at every paper feed by 2 nozzle distance, and after 8 rasters, the rasters to be recorded are decreased by 2. Since the printing rate of the odd number nozzle is larger than that of the even number nozzle, an odd numbered raster is recorded partly two times by the odd number nozzle, thereby making emphasis printing uniformly over the entire image.

Abstract: Document data is transferred from a facsimile server 118 to a facsimile apparatus 201 to transmit the document data to a plurality of destinations via a communication line 116. The document data is stored in an image memory in the facsimile apparatus 201. A cover page specific to each of the destinations is input from the facsimile server 118 to the facsimile apparatus 201. The facsimile server 118 specifies IDs and the order of transmission of the files so that the cover page is transmitted first, followed by the document data, in a series of information. The facsimile apparatus 201 transmits them to the proper destination in accordance with the cover page. This process is repeated each time a cover page input is made until transmission to all destinations is completed.

Abstract: A stepping motor control system for a recording apparatus which uses a stepping motor as a driving source of a carriage with a recording head, has a stepping motor driving circuit for exciting the phases of the stepping motor, and a control circuit for transferring data corresponding to a predetermined stepping motor driving curve to the driving circuit, so as to easily obtain a stepping motor driving curve that can suppress vibrations, and the driving curve is formed from an Nth-order specific formula having two or more inflection points.

Abstract: A system is constructed by connecting a plurality of digital copying machines (stations) having a common structure, and a master station 1001 and slave stations 1002 to 1004 are defined in accordance with their addresses. The master station 1001 issues a status request command to the slave stations at a predetermined time interval in order to gather information on the status of each slave station. The status which can be used in the system are recognized, depending upon the information, and a user selects the station or stations to be used. One of the station is made to read an original image, and the image is printed by the selected station or stations. The above constructed image processing system results in good expandability.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting low-resolution information into high-resolution information. When image information having multiple gradations is input and an image area corresponding to one pixel is increased to an image area for N.times.M pixels (where N and M are each an integer equal to or larger than 2) to convert a low-resolution input image into a high-resolution image to be output, the number of gradations used for peripheral pixels around a target pixel is detected and the number of gradations in N.times.M pixels corresponding to the target pixel is determined according to the number of gradations detected for the peripheral pixels. By using this method, it is possible to obtain a high-quality image without causing interpolation blurs and jags at the time of conversion from low-resolution information to high-resolution information.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the supercritical water oxidation of organic waste materials which avoids or at least substantially reduces the corrosion and solids deposition problems associated with prior art techniques and which provides for efficient heating of the waste material to reaction conditions. Externally heated supercritical water is fed to a compound platelet tube reactor. The compound reactor includes a reaction zone and inner (smaller) and outer (larger) concentric platelet tubes supported concentrically within a shell. The water fed to the reactor both protectively coats surfaces of the inner and outer platelet tubes facing the reaction zone and heats the waste stream to oxidation reaction conditions. Higher reaction temperatures can be used as compared to prior art processes, which significantly improves the reaction rate and permits smaller reactors to be used.