Abstract: A circular saw, the saw blade of which is adapted to be moved horizontally across a table at a horizontally movable carriage or slide and to be lifted into a position above the material to be sawed comprises a horizontal cantilever beam one end of which is guided by a vertical guide means at a single vertical support member and the other end of which is unsupported and therefore offers free access for handling of the material to be sawed or sawed, respectively, and for controlling the saw movements from a space adjacent said other end.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing sound, particularly unusual sound effects, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one diaphragm and a spring attached to the diaphragm, having a lowest resonance frequency less than 18 hertz. The apparatus includes a resonator affixed to the diaphragm.According to the method of the invention, sounds are produced on an instrument having a spring and a diaphragm connected to the spring by exciting an echophone frequency of the spring by either activating longitudinal motion of the spring, jerking at least one end of the spring in a longitudinal direction, longitudinally displacing and releasing a section of the spring, and moving at least one end of the spring longitudinally in a rhythmic motion to excite an echophone frequency.

Abstract: A method for purification of polyhydric alcohols such as sugar syrup by removing chromophoric components, trace metals, and other impurities comprising preparing a liquid slurry mixture of filter particles, including an anion exchange resin, a cation exchange resin, and a filter aid material, the anion and cation exchange resins being smaller than about 100 mesh (about 150 microns); precoating a porous support means with the slurry mixture; and passing the polyhydric alcohol through the precoat layer and the porous support means to purify the alcohol. A further embodiment includes the step of regenerating the precoat layer by delivering a brine solution having a pH between 7 and 10 through the precoat layer.

Abstract: Impurities are removed from a liquid by passing the liquid through an improved filter bed. The filter bed comprises a mixture of oppositely charged particles of filter aid material, the particles normally having a surface charge in aqueous solution. A portion of these particles are treated with a chemical compound to produce a surface charge that is opposite from the normal surface charge. These oppositely charged particles clump in aqueous suspension, and produce a filter bed which is capable of removing suspended particles with very high efficiency, while maintaining a relatively low pressure drop across the filter bed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving coffee grounds usage wherein a removable insert means is provided for confining coffee grounds within a substantially annular area of a coffee grounds receptacle. In an alternative embodiment, a coffee grounds receptacle for a coffee maker is provided, having an inner spacer means whereby coffee grounds are confined to an annular area between the inner spacer means and the outer wall of the receptacle. In each of the embodiments, the insert means or the coffee grounds receptacle is provided with an aperture means for accommodating a tube conveying rising hot liquid to an area above the coffee grounds, and further includes a plug for the aperture means so that the insert or coffee grounds receptacle is adapted to be used in a drip-type coffee maker.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cleaning surfaces and crevices of teeth wherein at least one tuft of filaments is rotated in a controlled reciprocating manner whereby the tuft is rotated a number of revolutionsin one direction and then rotated the same number of revolutions in the opposite direction. An alternative embodiment comprises a plurality of tufts of filaments, each of which is rotated in a controlled reciprocating fashion about its own central axis. Furthermore, immediately adjacent tufts are contrarotated. Each tuft is rotated about its own central axis, and placed in contact with the teeth whereby the filaments develop a twisting action dynamically and serially progressing from the base of each tuft to the opposite free ends of the filaments. The plurality of tufts are positioned in two parallel rows, each of which has adjacent tufts staggered with respect to each other.

Abstract: An optical apparatus, particularly suited for use in a ballistic measurement device, including a laser generating a laser beam, an optical means for expanding the laser beam in a plane, and an optical element, positioned between the laser and the optical means, for dividing the laser beam into a plurality of beams of substantially identical intensity so that a substantially uniform brightness results over the entire angle of divergence of the laser beam.

Abstract: A top illumination photoelectric measuring installation to determine the relative positions of two objects is disclosed which includes an optical reflection grid scale and a transmission grid sensor plate laterally with respect to each other and photoelectric elements to receive light reflected from the scale. In this installation, the photoelectric elements are arranged to accomplish a vignetting of the photo-sensitive surface of the photoelectric elements whenever the operating distance between the scale and the sensor plate is such that further movement of the scale and the sensor plate toward one another would produce a photo current greater than that which can be tolerated by the amplifier connected to the photo elements and provided that the admissable range of tolerance is not exceeded. Such an arrangement permits a greater range of operating distances between the sensor plate and the scale than could be achieved under a normal operating arrangement.

Abstract: A hot shearing apparatus for shearing heated round or flat section bars or rods, in particular light metal bars, to obtain cut bars or billets comprises a drive unit, fixed and movable shearing members, a drive means for producing the shear forces, an abutment means, an ejector means, and a transfer means for the sheared billets. Shearing rings are used as the shearing members. The ratio of the diameter to the length of the shearing rings is greater than one. Thus the diameter is relatively large as compared to the length. This permits high quality cuts and, at the same time, trouble-free operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: A preheating furnace having a furnace chamber for preheating an extended metal piece, comprising a transportation means for the metal arranged in the furnace chamber, at least one treatment chamber in the furnace chamber for containing and treating the metal; at least one pressure chamber in the furnace chamber into which hot gas is blown under pressure; and a plurality of rows of slot-type nozzles arranged laterally symmetrically from the metal and extending through a partition which subdivides the furnace chamber into the treatment chamber and the pressure chamber. The slot-type nozzles adduct hot gas to the metal so that warping of the metal is prevented, and the nozzles have elongated openings disposed with the longer axis of each opening transverse to the longitudinal axis of the metal.

Abstract: A closed loop automatic focusing system suitable for use in a camera is disclosed which has a beam producing means producing a narrow beam of light radiation directed toward an object to be focused. Having been reflected by the object, the beam is received by an afocal objective lens group which refracts the beam in collimated form when the object is in focus and refracts the beam in divergent or convergent form when the object is not in focus. The beam is then directed to a double photocell upon which the beam impinges equally when in collimated form and unequally when in divergent or convergent form. If the double photocell senses any divergence or convergence, a servo system is directed to correct the focusing error. Alternatively, the objective lens group refracts the beam in constant divergent or convergent form when the object is in focus and non-constant divergent or convergent form when the object is not in focus.

Abstract: An apparatus for sorting and separating discrete articles such as railroad track material according to shape and size, including an oscillating conveyor, a plurality of spaced parallel bars extending longitudinally along a trough of a sorting end of the conveyor and having leading edges projecting beyond an edge of the trough so that a separating zone is defined, means positioned a spaced distance from the separating zone for receiving a first group of material from the top surface of the parallel bars, and means positioned beneath the separating zone for receiving a second group of smaller-sized material after it falls over the trough edge. The apparatus of the invention also preferably include a hopper, a feeder positioned adjacent the hopper whereby flow of material from the hopper to the oscillating conveyor is regulated, a belt conveyor for transporting the first group of material away from the first receiving means, and an elevating conveyor adjacent the belt conveyor.

Abstract: A longitudinal measuring instrument, preferably with digital path coverage, which is constructed according to the Abbe principle. The measuring instrument includes a stationary scale, a displaceably mounted scanning unit for scanning the scale, and a measuring spindle sleeve mounted on the scanning unit, said measuring spindle comprising at least two bars which surround the scale.

Abstract: A rack for storing and dispensing cans is provided with means to simultaneously accommodate cans of different heights on each individual shelf. The shelves are inclined so that the cans will roll toward the front of the rack, and specially designed rails are positioned on opposite sides of the shelves to accommodate the differently sized cans.

Abstract: An improved storage apparatus for dry material in bulk is disclosed. The storage apparatus includes a tarpaulin cover and a circular metal wall. The tarpaulin cover is secured to the circular metal wall, or to any suitable surface, by a lashing means including a plurality of eyelets in the periphery of the tarpaulin cover, a plurality of anchors attached to the wall or, alternatively, to any suitable surface, a first cable attached to the anchors so as to encircle the wall, and a second cable alternately threaded through the eyelets and around the first cable.According to another embodiment there is provided a storage container which includes a flexible membrane cover and a flexible membrane base. Alternatively, the flexible membrane cover is provided separately for a pile of dry material in bulk. In these embodiments the flexible membrane cover is secured to any suitable surface utilizing the lashing means described above.

Abstract: A process for scrubbing undissolved impurities from the upper portion of an ion exchange resin filtration bed is disclosed wherein air is introduced in the upper portion of the bed and develops a pressure within the vessel. This pressure subsequently forces rinse water down through the upper portion of the bed and out of the vessel. The gas is introduced into the bed and the water is drained therefrom at a level below the bed's upper surface but above a substantial lower portion of the resin bed. In this manner, lesser quantities of scrubbing fluids are required and the majority of the resin material is left undisturbed to maintain maximum ion exchange capacity.

Abstract: A simplified but highly efficient fluid-amplified liquid spring shock absorber is provided by incorporating a plurality of DeLaval nozzles in the piston head or dashpot head of a shock absorber.