Abstract: Liquid materials which are difficult to crystallize and which may be subject to supercooling are solidified and crystallized by contacting the liquid material with an agitated, fluidized bed of solid particles of the same material. The bed of solid particles is agitated by means of a mechanical agitator and a current of fluidizing and cooling gas which enters the bottom portion of the bed vertically but is baffled toward the periphery of the bed.
Abstract: Compounds of the formulas ##STR1## WHEREIN: X represents oxygen or sulfur;Z represents the residue of a hydroxyl-containing moiety;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 in formula (1) may be the same or different and individually represent alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl and, together with the common nitrogen atom, represent a 5 or 6-member ring containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen or combination thereof;Nr.sub.1 r.sub.2 in formula (2) represent a 5 or 6-member ring containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen or combination thereof;N represents an integer having a value of 2 or greater and is equal to the number of hydroxyl groups on the original hydroxyl-containing moiety,Are prepared by reacting a phosphorohalidate with an amine in an organic solvent containing aqueous alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide.The compounds are useful as flame retardants for natural and synthetic materials.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 19, 1977
Date of Patent:
March 13, 1979
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Albert W. Morgan, Ignatius Schumacher, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: Fabrics having strength despite low bulk density and comprising at least one reinforcing layer of textile-length fibers, at least one layer of short bulk fibers and a bonding agent distributed throughout said fabric layers. Also a process for producing a fabric having a layer of such bulk fibers disposed between two of such reinforcing layers and a process for producing a fabric having a surface layer of such bulk fibers wherein a multi-layered structure containing an interior layer of such short bulk fibers is split along a continuum of lowered bonding agent concentrations at locations predetermined by controlled heating of the structure.
Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: Z represents a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl or aryl radicals;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and individually represent a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radicals; and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with their common nitrogen atom represent a heterocyclic ring,Impart flame retardant properties to natural and synthetic polymers.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 9, 1977
Date of Patent:
January 16, 1979
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Albert W. Morgan, Ignatius Schumacher, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: Reaction products are prepared from metal oxides and salts and phosphorus compounds containing trivalent phosphorus. The reaction products are useful as flame retardants and smoke suppressants.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 17, 1976
Date of Patent:
January 9, 1979
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Samuel F. Joyce, III, Albert W. Morgan, Norman W. Touchette, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: Z represents a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl or aryl radicals;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and individually represent a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radicals; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with their common nitrogen atom represent a heterocyclic ring,Impart flame retardant properties to natural and synthetic polymers.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 9, 1977
Date of Patent:
November 7, 1978
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Albert W. Morgan, Ignatius Schumacher, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: Stable mixtures, comprising a sucrose-based polyol, a .beta.-haloalkyl phosphate or .beta.-haloalkyl phosphonate flame retardant and a hydroxylamine catalyst are provided which are characterized by prolonged shelf life. The stable mixtures are used in the preparation of foamed urethane polymers by reaction thereof with an isocyanate. The urethane polymers are useful as flexible foam insulating material in buildings, pipe lines, storage tanks and refrigerators and as flexible foams in cushions, mattresses, carpet backings, and packaging materials.
Abstract: Copolymers are prepared from .omega.-bromoalkyl esters of acyclic unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and compounds copolymerizable therewith. The copolymers are useful as flame retardant plasticizers for polymers.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 3, 1976
Date of Patent:
August 15, 1978
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Albert W. Morgan, Charles S. Shull, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: Smoke and flame retardant plasticizer compositions for polymers comprising .omega.-bromoalkyl esters of saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. Optionally, the composition may contain a modifier which is an oxide, hydroxide, hydrate or salt of antimony, aluminum, calcium or magnesium.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 2, 1976
Date of Patent:
August 1, 1978
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Thomas C. Mathis, Albert W. Morgan, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: A polymer of 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol) is prepared by contacting 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol) with oxygen in the presence of a copper salt/amine complex catalyst. The polymer is useful as an antioxidant for polyolefins.
Abstract: A composition consisting essentially of an olefin polymer and a plasticizer therefor of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents alkyl, aryl, ##STR2## X represents halogen; and N REPRESENTS THE INTEGERS 4 OR 5.The composition is useful in plastic molding and forming processes to make articles of manufacture.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 6, 1976
Date of Patent:
June 13, 1978
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Albert W. Morgan, David S. Moorman, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: Compounds of the formulas ##STR1## WHEREIN: X represents oxygen or sulfur;Z represents the residue of a hydroxyl-containing moiety;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 in formula (1) may be the same or different and individually represent alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl and, together with the common nitrogen atom, represent a 5 or 6 member ring containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen or combination thereof;Nr.sub.1 r.sub.2 in formula (2) represents a 5 or 6 member ring containing oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen or combination thereof;n represents an integer having a value of 2 or greater and is equal to the number of hydroxyl groups on the orginal hydroxyl-containing moiety, the residue of which is now represented by Z.are prepared by reacting a phosphorohalidate with an amine in an organic solvent containing aqueous alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide.The compounds are useful as flame retardants for natural and synthetic materials.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
September 29, 1976
Date of Patent:
April 25, 1978
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
Albert W. Morgan, Ignatius Schumacher, William Vanderlinde
Abstract: A smoke and flame reducing composition, for polymers, comprising Dawsonite, an oxide, hydroxide or salt of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium, zironium, manganese or iron, a metal salt of a lower aliphatic acid, and mixtures thereof with at least one halogenated phosphorus acid, is disclosed.
Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers containing migration-resistant polyester plasticizers are used in food and drink wrapping and containers and medical tubing and in medical devices for collecting, storing and administering body fluids.
Abstract: Polyblends are disclosed comprising terminated polyesters, coupled polyesters derived from partially terminated polyesters and coupled polyesters derived from non-terminated polyesters. The polyblends are prepared by reacting a dicarboxylic acid, a glycol and a monocarboxylic acid or monohydric alcohol under esterification conditions and subsequently treating the reaction mixture with a polyfunctional coupling agent. The polyblends are useful as plasticizers for film-forming vinyl halide polymers.
Abstract: A process in which a Raney nickel or Raney cobalt hydrogenation catalyst is suspended in an aqueous liquid for feeding of the catalyst into a reaction medium in which an amine is prepared by continuous catalytic hydrogenation of a nitrile reactant is improved by including in the aqueous liquid a portion of the reaction medium containing an amount of the amine sufficient to substantially inhibit foaming of the catalyst suspension.
Abstract: In a process for hydrodimerizing an olefinic nitrile, amide or ester by electrolyzing an aqueous solution of the olefinic starting material, quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cations and a conductive salt, formation of hydrogen at the cathode can be substantially inhibited and the current efficiency of the process significantly increased by including in the solution a nitrilocarboxylic acid compound such as a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Particularly good results are obtained when the solution also contains a boric acid, a condensed phosphoric acid or an alkali metal salt thereof.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 25, 1975
Date of Patent:
June 29, 1976
Assignee:
Monsanto Company
Inventors:
J. Harvey Lester, Jr., James S. Stewart