Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a constraint dependent control method and system for a large scale refinery, chemical process or the like, is provided that allows on-line optimization of one and preferably two plant inputs without need for optimal set points, through iterative generation of a constraint dependent control code normalized to present time t for "driving" the optimized plant inputs rapidly toward optimization but without destabilizing the plant. The generation of such control code includes evaluation of certain key components associated with elements of an optimizing and stabilizing control vector (OSC) from which the code is derived.

Abstract: The response characteristics of a combination of hole-centered electric logging tools in a variety of borehole conditions can be obtained by means of impedance values as entries of a matrix resulting from measurements over a series of depth increments, utilizing an array of M electrode assemblies of equal incremental spacing positioned on a rigid mandrel. While the array is substantially stationary within the borehole, currents from ech electrode are emitted independently, one at a time, allowing the impedance matrix to be formed by the principle of linear superposition in terms of voltage and voltage difference measurements between adjacent electrodes; the impedance matrix is inverted and used to generate a set of tool responses, which when properly compared to a set of tool responses previously generated by computer simulation and addressable by sets of borehole parameters and calibration factors, allows the corresponding borehole conditions to be deduced from the measured data.

Abstract: The response characteristics of a combination of hole-centered electric logging tools in a variety of borehole conditions can be obtained by means of impedance values as entries of a matrix resulting from measurements over a series of depth increments, utilizing an array of 2M-1 electrode assemblies of equal incremental spacing positioned on a rigid mandrel. While the array moves continuously along the borehole, current is continuously emitted from the centrally located current electrode allowing the impedance matrix to be formed by the principle of linear superposition in terms of voltage and voltage difference measurements between adjacent electrodes. The impedance matrix is inverted and used to generate a set of tool responses, which when properly compared to a set of tool responses previously generated by computer simulation and addressable by sets of borehole parameters and calibration factors, allows the corresponding borehole conditions to be deduced from the measured data.

Abstract: The response characteristics of a combination of hole-centered electric logging tools in a variety of borehole conditions can be obtained by means of impedance values as entries of a matrix resulting from measurements over a series of depth increments, utilizing an array of 2M-1 electrode assemblies of equal incremental spacing positioned on a rigid mandrel. While the array moves continuously along the borehole, current is continuously emitted from the centrally located current electrode allowing the impedance matrix to be formed by the principle of linear superposition in terms of voltage and voltage difference measurements between adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: The response characteristics of a combination of hole-centered electric logging tools in a variety of borehole conditions can be obtained by means of impedance values as entries of a matrix resulting from measurements over a series of depth increments, utilizing an array of M electrode assemblies of equal incremental spacing positioned on a rigid mandrel. While the array moves continuously along the borehole, currents are emitted independently and sequentially from first one and then the other of current electrodes located at the shallow and deep ends of the array, allowing the impedance matrix to be formed by the principle of linear superposition in terms of voltage and voltage difference measurements between adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: The response characteristics of a combination of hole-centered electric logging tools in a variety of borehole conditions can be obtained by means of impedance values as entries of a matrix resulting from measurements over a series of depth increments, utilizing an array of 2M-1 electrode assemblies of equal incremental spacing positioned on a rigid mandrel. While the array moves continuously along the borehole, current is continuously emitted from the centrally located current electrode allowing the impedance matrix to be formed by the principle of linear superposition in terms of voltage and voltage difference measurements between adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: The response characteristics of a combination of hole-centered electric logging tools in a variety of borehole conditions can be obtained by means of impedance values as entries of a matrix resulting from measurements over a series of depth increments, utilizing an array of M electrode assemblies of equal incremental spacing positioned on a rigid mandrel. While the array is substantially stationary within the borehole, currents from each electrode are emitted independently, one at a time, allowing the impedance matrix to be formed by the principle of linear superposition in terms of voltage and voltage difference measurements between adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating, displaying and transmitting next-in-time from a first recording truck to a second recording truck to thereby provide coordination of operations between trucks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ground position controller utilizing a microcomputer system interconnected to a digital field system (DFS) via a system bus, for generating, formatting and displaying information (for insuring integrity of field operations) under a variety of shooting and collecting conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides for on-site capture of methane at sea at dry ice temperature, for isotopic examination. In more detail, after interfering gas species have been removed from subsequent operational steps, the methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water vapor, which are then trapped with a trapping tube maintained at dry ice temperature. The tube also houses a bed of granules made of porous polymer cross-linked to form a lattice network for retention of the carbon dioxide without a change in phase. Thereafter, the carbon and deuterium distribution of the oxidized methane products, carbon dioxide and water vapor, are determined by isotopic examination so as to establish their biogenic and/or thermogenic origin.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of an NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operations, while guarding against the effects of tuning errors, viz., using a series of sham polarizing cycles wherein the coil circuit is permitted to ring at a Q' value higher than normal during the initial stages of each sham cycle followed by the establishment of a low Q thereafter. Result: the effect is as if sham ringing is at the higher Q' value, but without the consequences of slow cutoff of the decaying magnetic field introduced during ringing. Hence, the effects of error fields are minimized and previously non-precessing components of the residual polarization undergo precession and can be subsequently scattered by the next-in-time field. Since the sham fields as well as the next-in-time polarizing field are all provided with slow-rising amplitude v.

Abstract: The thermal neutron absorption cross-section of a sample is measured by placing the sample in a sample container which surrounds a cavity within which a neutron source is positioned. A detector is positioned along a line parallel to an axis passing through the cavity. The source and detector are immersed in a moderator within a tank.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of a NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operating parameters of the coil circuit while guarding against the effects of tuning errors in the latter, viz., using a higher Q value than normal or its equivalent for the coil circuit during the initial stages of ringing of the coil at the proton precession frequency followed by establishing a lower Q value for the latter stages. Result: the effect is as if ringing is at the higher Q' value with attendent zeroing of the residual polarization, but without the consequences of slow cutoff of the decaying magnetic field introduced during ringing. Hence, the effect of error fields associated with the latter is minimized.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of a NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operating parameters of the polarizing coil, viz., using a higher Q value than normal or its equivalent for the polarizing coil circuit during cutoff of the polarizing field and ringing of the coil at the proton precession frequency. Result: cyclic NML logging speed can be greatly improved.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of a NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operations while guarding against the effects of tuning errors, viz., using a sham polarizing cycle wherein the coil circuit is permitted to ring at a Q' value higher than normal during the initial stages of the sham cycle followed by the establishment of a low Q thereafter. Result: the effect is as if sham ringing is at the higher Q' value, but without the consequences of slow cutoff of the decaying magnetic field introduced during ringing. Hence, the effects of error fields are minimized and previously non-precessing components of the residual polarization undergo precession and can be subsequently scattered by the next-in-time polarizing field. Since the sham field as well as the next-in-time polarizing field are both provided with slow-rising amplitude vs.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of an NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operations, viz., using a series of sham polarizing cycles wherein the coil circuit is permitted to ring at the series Q' values higher than the normal Q value. Result: previously non-precessing components of the residual polarization undergo precession and can be subsequently scattered by the next-in-time field. Since all of the sham fields as well as the next-in-time polarizing field are provided with slow-rising amplitude v. time turn-on segments, the precessing components of the polarization existing at the start of the build-up of the fields are easily scattered. Ultimately, all aspects of the residual polarization is destroyed whereby cyclic NML logging speed can be greatly improved.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of a NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operating parameters, viz., generating the next-in-time polarizing field with a slow-rising turn-on segment for scattering precessing components of residual polarization thereabout. Result: cyclic NML logging speed can be greatly improved.

Abstract: The present invention decreases the time needed between collection cycles of a NML tool located in a wellbore penetrating an earth formation by zeroing the effect of prior-in-time residual polarization via a surprising change in the operations, viz., using a sham polarizing cycle wherein the coil circuits permitted to ring at a Q' value higher than normal. Result: previously non-precessing components of the residual polarization undergo precession and can be subsequently scattered by the next-in-time field. Since the sham field as well as the next-in-time polarizing field are both provided with slow-rising amplitude vs. time turn-on segments, the resulting polarization existing at the start of the buildup of the fields can be easily scattered. Ultimately, all aspects of the residual polarization are destroyed whereby cyclic NML logging speed can be greatly improved.

Abstract: The present invention indicates that in exploration of permafrost regions of the world for oil and gas accumulations, flexure noise can be attenuated by careful placement of the vibratory source vis-a-vis the receiver array during collection of the Vibroseis.RTM.-type data. If the explorationist adopts a survey strategy in which the vibratory source is separated from the receiver array by a pressure ridge or its equivalent over the ice formation of the region under survey, then - surprisingly - the seismic reflection signals can be easily collected and displayed. Result: continuity of events from onshore reflectors can be easily followed offshore through the transition zone into deeper sea ice regions. He is aided in formulating his exploration strategy by the use of aerial and/or radar photographs or LANDSAT unmanned satellite data for mapping the pressure ridges of the area under survey.

Abstract: The present invention indicates that in exploration of permafrost regions of the world for oil and gas accumulations, flexure noise can be attenuated by careful placement of the vibratory source vis-a-vis the receiver array during collection of the Vibroseis.RTM.-type data. It has been surprisingly found that if the explorationist adopts a survey strategy in which the vibratory source is separated from the receiver array by a pressure ridge or its equivalent over the ice formation of the region under survey, then the seismic reflection signals can be easily collected and displayed. Result: continuity of events from onshore reflectors can be easily followed offshore through the transition zone into deeper sea ice regions.