Abstract: An air injection technique to evacuate and prevent from settling zebra mussels and other encrustaceous organisms from underwater vertical, horizontal or angular surfaces. Such surfaces located in fresh or salt water may be part of critical underwater components such as metering and monitoring devices.

Abstract: A method for determining concentrations of solutes such as alcohols, amino acids, carbohydrates, calcium, etc. in water solution. The open-circuit potential shift of an oxidatively pretreated nickel electrode in alkaline solution is used.

Abstract: A metal matrix composite consisting of aluminum silicon alloy reinforced with graphite fibers exhibits improved mechanical and physical properties when the graphite fibers are subjected to external cooling.

Abstract: A process for producing a copper alloy composite containing dispersed graphite. The process comprises locating compacted uncoated graphite in a preheated die, pouring molten copper alloy over the compacted graphite and infiltrating the compacted graphite with the molten copper alloy.

Abstract: The apparatus disclosed comprises a universal tow and coupling bar for connecting automatically to an aircraft landing nose gear and towing the aircraft during ground transport. The aircraft engaging end of the tow bar has directional adjustment and is hydraulically controlled in three coordinates. The end of the tow bar opposite to the aircraft engaging end is semi permanently connected to the aircraft towing vehicle. The aircraft engaging end of the tow bar contains an automatic hydraulically controlled locking assembly arranged to engage and lock with a mating locking assembly permanently fixed to the aircraft nose wheel structure. In addition to the aforementioned features of the universal tow bar are means for controlling the length of the tow bar, interupting the aircraft's hydraulic steering system, and connecting to the aircraft's telephone system.