Abstract: A process for the one step esterification of aldehydes and alcohols comprises the steps of combining an aldehyde with an alcohol, in the presence of oxygen and in contact with a catalyst having the general formulaPdTe.sub.a Zn.sub.d E.sub.ewhereE is one or more metals from the group consisting of group IA, IIA, IVA, VIIB or VIII metals, As or Sb; anda, d and e are from about 0 to 3 with the proviso that at least d or e.noteq.0.

Abstract: Certain catalysts containing iron and molybdenum plus bismuth or tellurium and nickel, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium or beryllium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when boron, gallium or indium are incorporated into the catalyst.

Abstract: Bismuth cerium molybdate catalysts promoted with alkali metal and other optional ingredients provide high yields of acrylonitrile in the ammoxidation of propylene.

Abstract: The ammoxidation of n-butane to acrylonitrile and hydrogen cyanide by a process comprising reacting a gaseous mixture containing n-butane, ammonia and oxygen in the presence of a metal promoted highly siliceous zeolite catalyst, where the zeolite is one comprising ZSM-5, ZSM-5-type aluminosilicate zeolites, or aluminum-free ZSM-5-type zeolites, is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst and process useful for the production of alcohols from CO and H.sub.2. The catalyst has the formula:RuCu.sub.a M.sub.b A.sub.c N.sub.z O.sub.xwhereinA is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof,M is Mo, W or mixtures thereof,a is about 0.3 to about 10,b is 0.03 to about 5,c is about 0.3 to about 15,z is 0 to about 1 weight percent, andx is the number of oxygen atoms needed to fulfill the valence requirements of the other elements.

Abstract: The process of producing high surface area mixed metal oxides comprising selecting a precursor characterized by the following formula:A.sub.x M.sub.a [M'(CN).sub.c ].sub.b.nH.sub.2 Ox=0-4;a=0-4;b=0.1-4;c=4-8;n=0-30;A=alkali, alkaline earth metal, Al, Si or mixtures;M=rare earth metals, transition metals or mixture thereof; andM'=transition metal capable of forming a cyanide (e.g. Group VIA-VIII A) or mixture thereof,and heating the precursor at a temperature rate of below 1.degree.C/minute in a controlled atmosphere consisting essentially of O.sub.2 and an inert gas to a temperature sufficient to decompose the precursor and produce the mixed metal oxide.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a high activity palladium metal based catalyst having the formulaPdTe.sub.a Zn.sub.d E.sub.ewhereE is one or more metals from the group IIA, IVA, VA, IB, VIIB or VIII; anda, d and e are from about 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least d or e.noteq.0.The method comprises the step of forming an aqueous solution of a palladium compound, adding to the solution a powder of a reducing metal more electropositive than palladium and reducing the palladium to its metallic state on the surface of the reducing metal and, separating the resulting catalyst from the solution. Catalysts prepared according to this method are useful for producing esters from aldehydes and alcohols and provide greater conversions to the ester than catalysts prepared by previous processes.

Abstract: Improved supported, mixed-metal oxide oxidation catalysts are prepared by conditioning a devolatilized catalyst precursor with an alcohol prior to calacining the precursor to a finished catalyst. For example, a promoted bismuth phosphomolybdate oxidation catalyst useful for converting propylene to acrolein demonstrates enhanced performance characteristics when the devolatilized catalyst precursor is subjected to boiling ethanol prior to calcining it to a finished catalyst.

Abstract: A high nitrile polymer composition resistant to gamma radiation comprising a high nitrile resin, a first stabilizer comprising at least one organotin compound selected from the group consisting of an organotin compound having the formulaR.sub.2 Sn(OOCCH.dbd.CHCOOR').sub.

Abstract: The process for the production of high molecular weight oxygenates by condensing low molecular weight oxygenates in the presence of CO and a catalyst having the general formula A.sub.a CuM.sub.c X.sub.d O.sub.x. In addition, a novel condensation catalyst comprising A.sub.a CuM.sub.c Bi.sub.d O.sub.x is disclosed for use in this process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bismuth molybdate catalyst comprising (1) adding a dried mixture of metal salts of the active phase of the catalyst to an aqueous sol containing a support material for the active phase, (2) adding an acid to this slurry, (3) heating the slurry to dryness and (4) calcining the dried precursor to form the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a high activity palladium metal based catalyst having the formulaPdTe.sub.a Zn.sub.d E.sub.ewhereE is one or more metals from the group IIA, IVA, VA, IB, VIIB or VIII; anda, d and e are from about 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least d or e.noteq.0.The method comprises the step of forming an aqueous solution of a palladium compound, adding to the solution a powder of a reducing metal more electropositive than palladium and reducing the palladium to its metallic state on the surface of the reducing metal and, separating the resulting catalyst from the solution. Catalysts prepared according to this method are useful for producing esters from aldehydes and alcohols and provide greater conversions to the ester than catalysts prepared by previous processes.

Abstract: Certain multiply promoted Sn/Sb oxides are superior catalysts for the ammoxidation of olefins to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, the selective oxidation of olefins to unsaturated aldehydes and acids, and the oxydehydrogenation of olefins to diolefins.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced from hydrogen sulfide by a 3-step, thermochemical process comprising:(a) contacting hydrogen sulfide with carbon dioxide to form carbonyl sulfide and water,(b) contacting the carbonyl sulfide produced in (a) with oxygen to form carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, and(c) contacting the carbon monoxide produced in (b) with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: Bismuth molybdate catalysts formed from a precatalyst slurry which uses an organic liquid or mixture of an organic liquid and water as the liquid medium of the slurry exhibit superior catalytic properties.

Abstract: An element selected from Groups IA, IB, IIB, IIIA and IIIB is incorporated into an iron bismuth molybdate oxide complex catalyst by impregnation.

Abstract: Oxide complex catalysts comprising Fe-Sb-Bi-O.sub.x promoted with a wide variety of different elements have been found to be especially useful in the ammoxidation of olefins to nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Not only are the desired nitriles obtained with high yields when these catalysts are used, but also the production of unwanted liquid byproducts such as acrolein, acrylic acid and acetonitrile is significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention is an oxidation catalyst which contains at least a Group IIA or Group IIB element or manganese plus as required elements, chromium, bismuth and molybdenum. The catalysts can optionally contain a number of other elements and are useful for various oxidation reactions, especially the ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene to obtain acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, the oxidation of propylene or isobutylene to obtain acrolein or methacrolein and the oxidative dehydrogenation of olefins containing 4 or 5 carbon atoms to obtain the corresponding diolefin.

Abstract: Antimonate-based redox catalysts are produced by a single slurry technique using a silica sol and fumed silica to supply the catalyst support.

Abstract: Crude acetonitrile is purifed to 99+ weight percent by a continuous distillation procedure.