Abstract: Catalysts useful for the partial oxidation of nonaromatic hydrocarbons, particularly n-butane, with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce maleic anhydride are provided which comprise phosphorus, vanadium, and oxygen and a promoter component containing each of iron and lithium.

Abstract: Sheet composites containing asbestiform crystalline calcium M phosphate fibers wherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of sodium and lithium, and mixtures thereof, are useful as a replacement or substitute for asbestos sheets in applications where fibrous materials are needed.

Abstract: Phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide oxidation catalysts are prepared by introducing a substantially pentavalent vanadium-containing compound and a pentavalent phosphorus-containing compound into an alcohol medium capable of reducing the vanadium to a valence state less than +5 in the presence of an alcohol-modifying agent to form a phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is recovered, dried, formed into desired structures, and calcined at temperatures from about 250.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. The catalysts are highly effective in that they exhibit a weight/weight productivity of at least 70 grams of maleic anhydride per kilogram of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: Maleic anhydride is produced by the oxidation of a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms in a straight chain with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase in the presence of a phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide oxidation catalyst. Such catalysts are prepared by introducing a substantially pentavalent vanadium-containing compound and a pentavalent phosphorus-containing compound into an alcohol medium capable of reducing the vanadium to a valence state less than +5 in the presence of an alcohol-modifying agent to form a phosphorus-vanadium mixed oxide catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is recovered, dried, formed into desired structures, and calcined at temperatures from about 250.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. The catalysts are highly effective in that they exhibit a weight/weight productivity of at least 70 grams of maleic anhydride per kilogram of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the partial oxidation of non-aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly n-butane, with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce maleic anhydride are provided which comprise mixed oxides of phosphorus and vanadium. The catalysts are highly effective in that they exhibit a weight/weight productivity of at least 70 grams of maleic anhydride per kilogram of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the production of maleic anhydride by the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 4-10 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst comprising phosphorus, vanadium and oxygen, wherein long reactor tubes are used in a process employing a high feed concentration and low space velocity so as to minimize air compression.

Abstract: Composites possessing desirable properties are produced from compositions comprising molten elemental sulfur and crystalline phosphate fibers. These composites are useful for the fabrication of various structures, such as tanks, pipes, sheeting, pavement surfaces and the like.

Abstract: Substituted-butanediperoxoic acids represented by the formula: ##STR1##wherein R is alkyl of 6 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl are useful oxidizing agents. These substituted-butanediperoxoic acids are useful as bleaching agents and disinfecting agents.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of aminomethylenephosphonic acid selected from diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid). diethylenetriaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminetri(methylenephosphonic acid) and mixtures thereof are stabilized against crystallization of said aminomethylenephosphonic acid by including non-oxidizing mineral acid in such solutions in an amount stoichiometrically equivalent to at least 10% hydrochloric acid by weight of the solution.

Abstract: Crude vanillin is purified by supercritical extraction of impurities. The process is especially useful in purifying crude vanillin obtained from paper mill waste liquors. Preferred supercritical extraction fluid is CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for increasing the color-free shelf life of a crude N-acetyl aminophenol prepared by the acetylation of an aminophenol wherein the N-acetyl aminophenol contains color-forming impurities which are the products of oxidation of the aminophenol and other side reactions. The process comprises dissolving the crude N-acetyl aminophenol in a solvent containing a reducing agent, heating the solution at about the boiling point, crystallizing the N-acetyl aminophenol from the solution, washing the crystalline N-acetyl aminophenol with solvent containing reducing agent and thereafter separating and drying the crystalline N-acetyl aminophenol.

Abstract: The invention is a new family of phosphine compounds which can be used to make optically active metal coordination complex catalysts which combine high efficiency with a capability of performing rapidly (high efficiency and rapidly being established from Tables I, II and III as being greater than 75% efficiency and in times of not more than a few hours, preferably less than one hour) in water and thus avoiding solvent recovery and loss problems. The catalysts can be used in some alcoholic mediums as well as in some aqueous mediums. These catalysts are useful in catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of some olefinic compounds. The new phosphine compounds are made from novel phosphine oxides.

Abstract: Mixtures of para-nitrochlorobenzene crystals and a liquid, ordinarily comprising the mother liquor of the crystals are continuously separated in one or more cylindrical presses in at least two stages. Reduction of the interstitial space causes the mother liquor to be forced out of the drainage aperatures thus purifying the crystals.

Abstract: Nitrohalobenzenes are prepared adiabatically using an excess of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: In conventional procedures for the preparation of phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts, with or without promoting elements or carriers, the phosphorus compounds and vanadium compounds are mixed under conditions to form precursors. These precursors are then heated to temperatures up to 600.degree. C. to form phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen catalysts suitable for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons, such as butane, to maleic anhydride. The present invention employs a new phosphorus-vanadium-oxygen hydrogen intermediate composition which can be converted to the precursor. Catalysts formed from the intermediate are used, according to this invention, for the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of benzene and toluene are nitrated in the vapor phase at temperatures between about 80.degree. C. and about 190.degree. C. in the presence of a molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds are nitrated in the vapor phase via a process comprising contacting the aromatic compound with a nitrating agent in the presence of a nitration promotion catalyst which comprises the adduct of:(a) an alumina-silica-metal oxide combination represented by the formula:(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.a (SiO.sub.2).sub.b (M.sub.2/n O).sub.cwherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1b, 2b, 5b, 6b, 7b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and a, b, and c represent weight percent of the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, and M.sub.2/n O components, respectively, in the alumina-silica-metal oxide combination, with a being 0 to 100, b being 0 to 100, and c being 0 to 50, and n represents an integer from 1 to 7 of the valence of the metal cation, with the proviso that the sum of (a+b) must be greater than 0, and(b) a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing chlorinated trisodium phosphate, comprising:(a) producing a hot sodium phosphate liquor, preferably with an overall Na/P mole ratio from 2.60 to 2.85;(b) adding sodium hypochlorite solution, preferably with an available chlorine content greater than 14%;(c) mixing the components, preferably from 70.degree. C. to 80.degree. C., only long enough to form a true solution;(d) cooling the melt by evaporative cooling under reduced pressure to form crystalline chlorinated trisodium phosphate;(e) air drying the product, if necessary, below about 40.degree. C.

Abstract: The concentration of chlorine-containing compounds in a gaseous mixture in contact with a solid chloroisocyanurate can be safely lowered by use of a porous crystalline alumino-silicate having an essentially uniform pore size and a free aperture dimension of at least about 3.5 angstroms, said alumino-silicate being essentially unreactive with the chloroisocyanurate and its hydrolysis and decomposition products.

Abstract: Compounds containing a chloroammelide moiety having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkali metal or H, Y is Cl or H, and Y is H when R is H, said compounds being not fully hydrated when R is alkali metal, contain both free and combined chlorine, and are attractive for use in bleaching. Those not fully hydrated can be prepared by removing combined water of hydration from more fully hydrated compounds obtained by chlorinating an aqueous mixture of ammelide and alkali metal ions. The fully hydrated compound wherein R is H is prepared by chlorinating an aqueous mixture of ammelide and about 2-2.2 moles of alkali metal ion per mole of ammelide.