Abstract: A package for dispensing a substance that imparts a desirable property to a body of water. The dispensing package comprises a water permeable bag of non-woven fabric enclosing a predetermined quantity of particulated product, such as tea or coffee that releases a flavouring substance in steeping liquid. The non-woven fabric has a thermally activated bonding surface permitting to permanently close the bag by peripherally heat-sealing the bag walls to one another. The heat-sealing operation is performed by driving in the wall portions to be joined a multitude of heated projections that rapidly transfer heat to the thermally activated bonding layers in order to quickly effect the seal. The resulting joint area displays a plurality of perforations formed by the heated projections. The invention also extends to a method and apparatus for heat-sealing the dispensing package.

Abstract: An apparatus for fragmenting a block of frozen vegetable tissue such as peat moss, without causing wide-spread damage to the individual vegetable fibers, comprising a pair of planar jaw members movable between opened and closed positions. Each jaw member has a grating-like configuration defining a plurality of discharge apertures in a spaced apart relationship and also comprises projecting crushing teeth. In the closed position, the jaw members are in a mating relationship, whereby the crushing teeth of each jaw member deeply penetrate the discharge apertures of the opposite jaw member. In operation, a block of frozen vegetable tissue is loaded between the jaw members while they are in the opened position. The jaw members are closed for bursting into fragments the block of frozen vegetable tissue under the effect of multiple pressure points created by the crushing teeth on the block surface and for expelling the fragments through the discharge apertures.

Abstract: A novel polyurethane formulation especially effective as a corrosion preventing coating for metallic substrates. The polyurethane is prepared by mixing two components, one being a mixture of high and low molecular weight polyol compounds and the other being a polymeric methylene polyphenyl isocyanate (MDI).

Abstract: High pressure boiler condensate returns are polished and softened with a macroreticular cation exchange resin, and the resin is regenerated with a readily ionizable organic acid salt of a relatively low volatility amine corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous solution comprising adding to the system a corrosion inhibiting amount of one or more polytartaric acid compounds having the generalized formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, n is less than 4 and the average molecular weight of the mixture corresponds to an average n in the range 1.2 to 3.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of metals which are in contact with an aqueous system comprising adding to the system, either alone or in combination with organic or metal containing water treatments, a water-soluble cationic alkyl-phosphonium salt in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion.

Abstract: Polyether bis-phosphonic acid compounds are disclosed which have the formula (HO).sub.2 OP--R--(OR').sub.n --OR--PO(OH).sub.2 where R is selected from the group consisting of methylene and ethylene, R' is selected from the group consisting of ethylene and ethylene substituted with one or more methyl groups, and n is an integer from 1 to 4, water soluble salts thereof, and esters thereof with alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Also disclosed is a novel preparation of these compounds by reacting hydroxyalkylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester compounds with 2-benzyloxyalkyl organic sulfonates; reacting the intermediate formed therefrom with hydrogen or a hydrogen source; reacting the intermediate formed therefrom with a hydrogen ion acceptor and certain sulfonyl chlorides; and reacting the intermediate formed therefrom with hydroxyalkylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester compounds to form a polyether bis-phosphonic acid compound which may be hydrolyzed to form the polyether bis-phosphonic acid.

Abstract: Accumulation of pitch or stickies in pulp or paper making is controlled by applying to the pulp or paper making equipment which is not in continuous contact with water separately a water soluble cationic polymer and a water soluble anionic polymer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for inhibiting or preventing the formation of scale and corrosion on surfaces in contact with an aqueous system comprising adding to the system an amount effective to inhibit scale formation of a sulfonated organophosphonate compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 3 to 10, X is OH or NH.sub.2 ; and water soluble salts thereof.

Abstract: A composition and method of treating paint spray booth water to detackify organic solvent based paint particles. The composition comprises a melamine polymer obtained from the reaction of melamine, aldehyde and an amine selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide and glycine. These melamine polymers may be used in combination with a polyacrylamide, which combination exhibits surprising and unexpected effects when used to detackify organic solvent paint particles.

Abstract: A composition and process for preventing the deposition of scale and sludge in aqueous systems comprising adding to the system the combination of three or more additives selected from the group consisting of a) polyacrylic acid, copolymer of alkylsulfonate and maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof, b) hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid, amino (trimethyl phosphonic acid), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and mixtures thereof, and c) copolymer of styrene sulfonate and maleic anhydride, copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide, poly(acrylic acid-co-hypophosphite) and mixtures thereof, and wherein the combination contains at least one additive selected from each of a), b) and c).

Abstract: Polyether bis-phosphonic acid compounds are disclosed which have the formula (HO).sub.2 OP--R--(OR').sub.n --OR--PO(OH).sub.2 where R is selected from the group consisting of methylene and ethylene, R' is selected from the group consisting of ethylene and ethylene substituted with one or more methyl groups, and n is an integer from 1 to 4, water soluble salts thereof, and esters thereof with alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the whiteness of a cellulosic material is described which comprises incorporating therein, or applying thereto, a fluorescent whitening agent, a water soluble phosphonate having 1 to 5 phosphonate groups and/or a water soluble carboxylate having 2 to 5 carboxylate groups at a neutral or alkaline pH.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel method for breaking oil in water emulsions. More specifically, this invention relates to a cationic quarternary ammonium modified blend of a starch and a natural gum, which is effective at breaking oil in water emulsions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for coagulating waterborne paints in paint spray booth recirculating water. The coagulant aid comprises a polynucleate hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound (hereinafter PASS) having the following average composition of the general formula:Al(OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.Ewherein B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0; C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12; D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1; X is greater than 2.0 but less or equal to 4.0 such that3=B+2C+2D(X-2)E is 1.5 to 4 when the product is in solid form; and E is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form, which may optionally be used together with alum or a mixture of alum and a polyamine. The coagulant aids of this invention may also be used advantageously with detackifying agents to simultaneously detackify and coagulate solvent based paint particles.

Abstract: A method for the control of pitch in paper making machine dryer fabrics or equipment which are not in continuous contact with process water comprising applying to the fabrics or equipment, a water-soluble or water-dispersible cationic polymer and a water-soluble or water dispersible anionic aromatic polymer.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting or preventing corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous system containing dissolved oxygen comprising adding to the system an oxygen scavenger having the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 5 or 6, lactone derivatives thereof, or its water soluble salts, in an amount effective to substantially remove the dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel method for analyzing aqueous systems to simultaneously quantify the concentrations of multiple active or inactive treating components which may be contained therein. The method comprises determining the absorbance or emission spectrum of the components in the aqueous system over the wavelength range of from 200 to 2500 nm, and then applying chemometrics algorithms to extract and analyze features in the spectrum that are specific to the qualitative and quantitative concentrations from the specific components to simultaneously determine the concentrations of the components.

Abstract: A method of creping a paper is described which comprises applying to the creping drum prior to the application of the paper web to be creped, a synthetic anionic polymer.

Abstract: A method for treating an aqueous system which contains solid particles of iron (III) oxide is disclosed which comprises adding to the system catechol, hydroquinone, their water soluble salts, and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to disperse or suspend iron (III) oxide particles. The aqueous system should have a pH greater than 7 and have low to moderate hardness.