Abstract: The present invention relates to lubricating oils, and in particular to the use of lubricating oils with low sulphur content in combination with a low sulphur fuel to reduce particulate emissions of a diesel engine equipped with a particulate trap. Thus, there is provided the use of an engine lubricating oil having a low sulphur content in combination with a fuel having a low sulphur content, to reduce the emissions of nucleation mode particles from a diesel engine fitted with a particulate trap. There is also provided a method of reducing the number of nucleation mode particles in the emissions from a diesel engine fitted with a particulate trap, which method comprises using an engine lubricating oil having a low sulphur content in combination with a fuel having a low sulphur content.

Abstract: Methods for producing mid-grade and premium gasolines at a terminal from a seasonally adjusted high-octane blend stock are disclosed. Compositions useful as the high-octane blending stock also are disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst system useful to polymerize and co-polymerize polar and non-polar olefin monomers is formed by in situ reduction with a reducing agent of a catalyst precursor comprising {Cp*MRR?n}+{A}? wherein Cp* is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety; M is an early transition metal; R is a C1–C20 hydrocarbyl; R? are independently selected from hydride, C1–C20 hydrocarbyl, SiR?3, NR?2, OR?, SR?, GeR?3, SnR?3, and C?C-containing groups (R?=C1–C10 hydrocarbyl); n is an integer selected to balance the oxidation state of M; and A is a suitable non-coordinating anionic cocatalyst or precursor. This catalyst system may form stereoregular olefin polymers including syndiotactic polymers of styrene and methylmethacrylate and isotactic copolymers of polar and nonpolar olefin monomers such as methylmethacrylate and styrene.

Abstract: A refrigeration process is disclosed that employs a mixed refrigerant to chill a process gas stream in which a second stream is cooled against rewarming vaporized mixed refrigerant at low pressure and subsequently is at least partially vaporized against at least partially condensed mixed refrigerant at a higher pressure.

Abstract: A polypropylene composition is disclosed, having a sealing initiation temperature below 80° C., and containing less than 1% by weight of monomeric units derived from ethylene with respect to the total weight of the composition, and comprising:—from 35 to 68% by weight of a random copolymer of propylene (copolymer (A)) containing 16 to 30% by weight of monomeric units derived from I-butene and from 0 to 0.5% by weight of monomeric units derived from ethylene with respect to the total weight of copolymer (A), and—from 65 to 32% by weight of a random copolymer of propylene (copolymer (B)) containing 35 to 55% by weight of monomeric units derived from I-butene and from 0 to 1% by weight of monomeric units derived from ethylene with respect to the total weight of copolymer (B). Heat-sealable sheets containing a sealing layer of the above composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for providing improved estimates of properties of a chemical manufacturing process is disclosed. The method regesses process variables with scores or other gains obtained from the mathematical transformation of data obtained from an on-line analyzer. Chemical manufacturing processes using the method also are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering ethylene from a hydrocarbon feed stream, where the apparatus is a single distillation column pressure shell encasing an upper region and a lower region. The upper region houses an ethylene distributor rectifying section and the lower region houses a C2 distributor section and an ethylene distributor stripping section. Vapor passes from the lower region into the upper region, and liquid passes from the upper region to the lower region. The process for recovering the ethylene is also disclosed. The hydrocarbon feed stream is introduced into the C2 distributor section, and after a series of stripping and refluxing steps, distinct hydrocarbon products are recovered from the C2 distributor section, the ethylene distributor stripping section, and the ethylene distributor rectifying section, respectively.

Abstract: A catalyst system useful to polymerize and co-polymerize polar and non-polar olefin monomers is formed by in situ reduction with a reducing agent of a catalyst precursor comprising {Cp*MRR?n}+{A}? wherein Cp* is a cyclopentadienyl or substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety; M is an early transition metal; R is a C1–C20 hydrocarbyl; R? are independently selected from hydride, C1–C20 hydrocarbyl, SiR?3, NR?2, OR?, SR?, GeR?3, SnR?3, and C?C-containing groups (R?=C1–C10 hydrocarbyl); n is an integer selected to balance the oxidation state of M; and A is a suitable non-coordinating anionic cocatalyst or precursor. This catalyst system may form stereoregular olefin polymers including syndiotactic polymers of styrene and methylmethacrylate and isotactic copolymers of polar and nonpolar olefin monomers such as methylmethacrylate and styrene.

Abstract: The recovery of ethylene from light gases at low temperature by the use of a mixed refrigeration system comprising methane, ehtylene and/or ethane, and propylene and/or propane.

Abstract: A metallocene catalyst may be temporarily and reversibly passivated by contact with an effective amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon passivating compound.

Abstract: Compositions based on propylene polymers (compositions (C)) comprising: a) from 61 to 74% by weight of a random propylene copolymer (copolymer (A)) comprising from 8 to 16% by weight of monomer units derived from 1-butene and less than 0.5% by weight of monomer units derived from ethylene, and b) from 39 to 26% by weight of a random propylene copolymer (copolymer (B)) comprising from 35 to 50% by weight of monomer units derived from 1-butene and from 0 to 1% by weight of monomer units derived from ethylene. Process for the manufacture of these compositions.

Abstract: A metallocene catalyst may be temporarily and reversibly passivated by contact with an effective amount of a passivating compound selected from the group of oxygen, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a carboxylic acid, ammonia and air into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, carboxylic acid, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A metallocene catalyst system component for polymerization of olefins includes at least one 2-arylindenyl ligand substituted on the 1-position by a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkylsilyl, or aryl substituent of 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The application discloses a system for controlling a chemical manufacturing process having at least one piece of process limiting equipment in addition to a reactor. The system employs one or more multivariable predictive optimizer controllers for optimizing control of the chemical reactor and production limiting equipment located upstream or downstream of the reactor, to provide integrated process control of the reactor and the production limiting equipment.

Abstract: Use of a polypropylene based composition (C) comprising (a) from 5 to 95% by weight of a random copolymer of propylene (A) containing from 0.5 to 12 mole % of at least one comonomer chosen from ethylene and/or an alpha-olefin containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and having an MFIA in the range from 0.01 to 5 g/10 min, (b) from 95 to 5% by weight of a random copolymer of propylene (B) containing from 0.5 to 12 mole % of at least one comonomer chosen from ethylene and/or an alpha-olefin containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and having an MFIB in the range from 15 to 1000 g/10 min, said composition (C) being such that random copolymers (A) and (B) contain the same comonomer(s) and have, for each comonomer, substantially the same comonomer content, for the manufacturing of expanded beads.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing vinyl olefins that is fully integrated into a process for making vinyl olefins is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of an oligomer oil by the polymerization of a feedstock containing one or more C3 to C20 1-olefins in the presence of a solid unsupported metallocene- and activator-containing catalyst system which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of the soluble metallocene- and activator-containing catalyst system.

Abstract: Processes using heterogeneous adsorbents are disclosed for purification of olefins such as are typically produced by thermal cracking of suitable hydrocarbon feedstocks, by providing a impure mixture comprising at least one olefin of from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, acetylenic impurities having the same or similar carbon content in an amount of up to about 1 percent by volume base upon the total amount of olefin present and optionally saturated hydrocarbon gases; admixing a source of dihydrogen with the impure mixture to form a feedstream comprising a sub-stoichiometric amount of dihydrogen based upon conversion of the total amount of acetylenic impurities present to their olefinic analogs; and passing the feedstream through a particulate bed of adsorbent comprising predominantly a support material on which is dispersed at least one metallic element in the zero valent state, to effect, under conditions suitable for adsorption within the bed, selective adsorption and/or complexing of the contained acetylenic co

Abstract: A process for the co-oligomerization of 1-dodecene and 1-decene to produce a polyalphaolefin having a kinetic viscosity of 4 to 6 cSt at 100° C., a Noack weight loss of 4 to 9%, a viscosity index of 130 to 145, and a pour point of −60° C. to −50° C.