Abstract: The addition of a small amount of a phenol to an ethylene-vinyl alcohol oxygen-barrier layer significantly improves oxygen impermeability under high humidity conditions.

Abstract: A heat exchange element for solar heating is made of a solidified material such as concrete, cement, ceramic or resin bonded particulate material. Internal ducting is provided by embedded pipes or within the material itself. In the latter case a former is removed after the material is set, and this may be a rigid member, or one that can be dissolved or melted out. The element is preferably a laminated panel-like structure, possibly with fibre reinforcement.

Abstract: A delamination resistant multi-layer film comprises a core layer of vinyl alcohol polymers or copolymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene vinyl alcohol. Adhered to the core layer are one or more layers of a polyolefin blended with a chemically modified polyolefin having functional groups added to the basic polymer such that strong adhesion to the core layer is obtained. The core layer provides an excellent oxygen barrier, while the adjacent layers protect the core layer from degradation by exposure to water vapor. Additional layers of various polymer materials may be provided over the layers of modified polyolefin. The film can be prepared by coextrusion techniques.

Abstract: A delamination resistant multi-layer film comprises a core layer of vinyl alcohol polymers or copolymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene vinyl alcohol. Adhered to the core layer are one or more layers of a partially hydrolyzed vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer having functional groups in the polymer such that strong adhesion to the core layer is obtained. The core layer provides an excellent oxygen barrier, while the adjacent layers protect the core layer from degradation by exposure to water vapor. Additional layers of various polymer materials may be provided over the layers of partially hydrolyzed vinyl acetate. The film can be prepared by coextrusion techniques.

Abstract: A solar collector panel is made from glass fiber reinforced concrete using a dissolvable core of polymer foam to form the internal passageways. The core is dissolved in a solution of solvent and polymer which impregnates and coats the concrete surfaces of the passageways to seal the passageways and to isolate the concrete from the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Parisons are injection molded using a cooled cavity and a relatively hot core pin to prevent the formation of residual internal stress in or near the inner surface of the parison. The parison is promptly transferred while still hot from the injection mold to a temperature conditioning station to provide a desired temperature distribution and the temperature conditioned parison is highly molecularly biaxially oriented as it is blow molded.

Abstract: Parisons for use in making blow molded highly molecularly oriented plastic bottles are injection molded using a cooled cavity and a relatively hot core pin to prevent the formation of residual internal stress in or near the surface of the parison. The pin is maintained at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin to reduce the formation of cracks when the parison is subsequently blow molded in the orientation temperature range.

Abstract: A molecularly oriented article having a tubular sidewall is blow-molded from a thermoplastic parison which is heat-treated prior to blowing to provide the parison sidewall with a temperature gradient wherein the temperature of the inside of the sidewall is greater than that of the outside, both of said temperatures being within the orientation temperature range of the thermoplastic. The temperature gradient results in the sidewall of the article having a different and more uniform circumferential orientation release stress distribution radially across the sidewall than would be obtained if the parison were blown isothermally.

Abstract: A film of heat shrinkable plastic material is wrapped about four sides of an object and heat welded. A second heat shrinkable film is wrapped and heat welded about the object at right angles to the wrap of the first film. Both films are wider than the package faces about which they are wrapped. The films are heated to shrink both films and to cause the overlapping portions of the two films to heat bond together.

Abstract: A thermoplastic bottle has a unique combination of properties. The bottle is characterized by a very high level of molecular orientation, and possesses the properties of high impact strength, low gas permeability and excellent resistance to creep strain under tensile load. A blowing process for fabricating the bottle is also taught which features a means of substantially improving the resistance to creep strain.

Abstract: A thermoplastic bottle having a unique combination of properties. The bottle is characterized by a very high level of molecular orientation, and possesses the properties of high impact strength, low gas permeability and excellent resistance to creep strain under tensile load. A blowing process for fabricating the bottle is also taught which features a means for substantially improving the resistance to creep strain.

Abstract: A molecularly oriented article having a tubular sidewall is blow-molded from a thermoplastic parison which is heat-treated prior to blowing to provide the parison sidewall with a temperature gradient wherein the temperature of the inside of the sidewall is greater than that of the outside, both of said temperature being within the orientation temperature range of the thermoplastic. The temperature gradient results in the sidewall of the article having a different and more uniform circumferential orientation release stress distribution radially across the sidewall than would be obtained if the parison were blown isothermally.