Abstract: A semiconductor laser chip has a semiconductor laser element and a beam shaper integrated into the semiconductor laser chip and serving for shaping a laser beam emitted by the semiconductor laser element.

Abstract: A supply voltage is needed in conventional electronic circuits used for processing signals, such as counting pulses. The supply voltage supplies the logic circuit components. Especially apparatuses which have to be operated over a longer period of time or/and in remote sites of use and are dependent upon a supply voltage are impaired with the dependency-related disadvantages, such as the necessity of expensive EEPROMs or significantly increased maintenance expenditure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for testing a plurality of electrical components that are coupled to one another. Further, an electrical selection unit, coupled to the electrical components to be tested, is provided for selecting at least one electrical component to be tested. A parasitic voltage drop in the testing circuit can be at least partially compensated using a control element coupled to the electrical components to be tested. The invention makes it possible, for testing of electrical components on a wafer over a large distance, i.e., several millimeters, to permit automated compensation of interference influences which occur as a result of the lines coupling or connecting the components to be tested.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser (100) comprises, in succession, a first reflector (102), a first optically active region (104), which can emit light of a first wavelength (&lgr;1), a second reflector (107), a second optically active region (110), which can emit light of a second wavelength (&lgr;2), which is shorter than the first wavelength (&lgr;1), and a third reflector (112), wherein the two optically active regions (110, 112) are able to emit their light on a common optical axis (118) in a common emission direction (119).

Abstract: The invention relates to a current sample-and-hold circuit comprising several sub-circuits, in which a current signal is stored. At least one of said sub-circuits contains a switch. The inventive current hold-and-sample circuit is characterized in that each of the sub-circuits contains a linear resistor, which is connected in such a way that the current signal generates a voltage drop across the resistor, that each of the sub-circuits contains at least one inverting control amplifier, which sets an initial current of the circuit in a hold operational mode, thus inducing a voltage drop across the resistor, said voltage drop being substantially as great as the voltage drop across the resistor before the hold operational mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an analog-to-digital converter (301), comprising several comparators (303) and a reference network, said reference network having several reference elements (302). At least one input (304) of at least one comparator (303) is connected between the individual reference elements (302) of the reference network in the analog-to-digital converter (301), respectively. A digital evaluation circuit (311) with which the statistical evaluation of the output signals generated by the comparators (303) can be carried out is linked to the outputs (309) of the comparators of the analog-to-digital converter (301). The invention also relates to a corresponding method for converting an analog signal (Ua) into a digital signal (D).

Abstract: The invention relates to a field effect transistor with a drain region, a source region, a channel region and a gate region. The gate region is provided with a metal layer.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor that having a nanowire, which forms a source region, a channel region and a drain region of the field-effect transistor, the nanowire being a semiconducting and/or metallically conductive nanowire. The field-effect transistor also has at least one nanotube, which forms a gate region of the field-effect transistor, the nanotube being a semiconducting and/or metallically conductive nanotube. The nanowire and the nanotube are arranged at a distance from one another or set up in such a manner that it is substantially impossible for there to be a tunneling current between the nanowire and the nanotube, and that the conductivity of the channel region of the nanowire can be controlled by means of a field effect as a result of an electric voltage being applied to the nanotube.

Abstract: According to the invention, the high-frequency power amplifier is characterised in that the power transistor is switched in such a way that said transistor is operated in the breakdown region and that a control loop is provided. Charge carriers that are produced is the breakdown region are carried away from an output of the operational amplifier by means of said control loop.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement (10) and a method for adjusting the slope times of one or more drivers (90) in such a way that the adjustment is essentially independent of external conditions. The invention also relates to a driver circuit. The arrangement (10) is provided with a device (20) for detecting the time history of an output voltage that is output and supplied to a load (12) by means of the driver/s (90). The measured time values are converted into an output voltage value in a device (36) for converting the measured time history of the output voltage. Moreover, a device (40) for generating a reference voltage value is provided. The device (40) is connected to a device (60) for predetermining a desired slope time for the driver/s (90), whereby the slope time is essentially independent of external conditions.

Abstract: A method of inferring the existence of light by means of a measurement of the electrical characteristics of a nanotube bound to a dye first of all involves bringing a nanotube derivatized with a dye into contact with two conductor tracks. An electrical parameter of the nanotube is then measured via the two conductor tracks without exposure to light. Then the dye bound to the nanotube is irradiated, and the electrical parameter of the nanotube is then measured via the two conductor tracks with exposure to light. The difference between the value of the electrical parameter measured without exposure to light and the corresponding parameter measured with exposure to light is then established. Finally it is inferred, as a function of the difference established, whether light is present.

Abstract: A description is given of a DRAM memory (10) having a number of DRAM memory cells (15) which each form one or more memory cell arrays (11). Each memory cell (15) is connected to a bit line (12) and a reference bit line (13), respectively. The individual bit lines (12; 13) are furthermore connected to at least one read/write amplifier (30) according to the invention. In order that the read/write amplifier circuit (30) can perform the tasks intended for it with high evaluation reliability and speed in conjunction with the smallest possible space requirement, the invention specifies a space-saving sense amplifier scheme in which the read/write amplifier (30) has a first read/write amplifier element (40) and a second read/write amplifier element (50) separate therefrom, the individual amplifier components (41, 42, 43, 51, 54) being divided between the two read/write amplifier elements (40, 50).

Abstract: A vertical transistor (100) has a source region (103), a drain region (109), a gate region (108), and a channel region (104) between the source region (103) and the drain region (109), which are arranged in a vertical direction in a semiconductor substrate (101), the gate region (104) having an electrical insulation from the source region (103), from the drain region (109) and from the channel region (104) and being arranged around the channel region (104) in such a way that the gate region (108) and the channel region (104) form a coaxial structure.

Abstract: A memory element with organic material comprises two metallized layers, arranged one on top of the other, with first lines and second lines which are arranged to intersect with each other. A channel is formed at the intersections between the first line and the second line, which overlaps the first line partially and completely overlaps the second line. The channels are filled with a filling material, the electrical conductivity of which may be altered by an applied electrical voltage.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the novel placement of two pairs of vertical track disposed adjacent to each other together with a pair of radiused horizontal tracks being attached to the outer pair of vertical tracks allowing the use of a flexible lift and reverse cable system to open, close and reverse multi-paneled garage doors. Use of an inner and outer pair of vertical tracks disposed adjacent to each other allows the lowermost rollers to be guided on the inner vertical tracks and the remaining rollers to be guided on the outer vertical tracks and, ultimately, the horizontal tracks as the garage door opens. This configuration allows the lift cable a clear pathway to travel from the drum down the center of the inner vertical tracks to the connection with the shaft journal mounted near the bottom of the garage door.

Abstract: A multivalue magnetoresistive read/write memory and method of writing to and reading from such a memory. The invention has, inter alia, one or more storage cells, each storage cell having two intersecting electric conductors and a layer system comprising magnetic layers located at the intersection of the electric conductors. The memory is characterized in that the layer system is designated as a multilayer system with two or more magnetic layers, wherein at least two of the magnetic layers have a magnetization direction that can be set independently of one another. Further, the magnetization direction of the individual layers may be changed on the basis of the electric current flowing through the electric conductors.

Abstract: An aerator that allows the operator to make a turn with the machine while the tines are still in contact with the turf through the use of a differential shaft and brakes that enhance the maneuverability of the machine. The aerator is fitted with a mechanical gear type differential on an intermediate drive shaft that provides for automatic, separate and variable rotational motion of the individual halves of the tine shaft. This differential apparatus also provides constant and equal torque application to both sides of the tine wheel assembly simultaneously while the machine is operating. This insures that tine penetration into the turf is equal on both sides at all times. The tine shaft halves are designed and mounted in such manner as to allow each half (left and right sides) to be driven by separate chains from the differential shaft. This design results in a desired variation in the speed of rotation of the two halves that facilitates turning the unit.

Abstract: An electronic device has a plurality of electrically conductive first nanowires, a layer system applied on the first nanowires, and also second nanowires applied on the layer system. The first and second nanowires are arranged skew with respect to one another. The layer system is set up in such a way that charge carriers generated by the nanowires can be stored in the layer system.

Abstract: An optoelectronic micromodule (201) comprises an optoelectronic component (204), which is fixed on a main carrier (202) and can emit light in an emission direction (206) directed parallel to a main carrier surface (203) of the main carrier (202), and a radiation variation unit (208), which is arranged in the emission direction (206) and fixed to an auxiliary carrier (209), which has an auxiliary carrier surface (210) which is oriented plane-parallel to the main carrier surface (203) and is in touching contact with the latter. The auxiliary carrier (209) is arranged such that it is shiftable plane-parallel to the auxiliary carrier surface (210) relative to the emission direction (206), thereby enabling a two-dimensional adjustment of the radiation variation unit (208). The radiation variation unit (208) can be adjusted both parallel and perpendicularly to the emission direction (206).

Abstract: A height adjustment apparatus having a frame bracket attached to the frame with no relative movement therebetween, and a threaded rod threaded through the frame bracket. A nut is rigidly attached to a top end of the threaded rod. A swivel head is rotationally attached to the lower end of the rod, with the swivel head being attached to a ground contacting support. The apparatus further includes a socket configured to slidably receive the nut and the frame bracket. A spring is provided for slidably biasing the socket into a non-rotational aspect relative to the frame bracket.