Abstract: An induction system for an internal combustion engine includes an upper intake for receiving air from a supply, such as a turbocharger, and a lower intake which combines a cylinder valve actuator cover, a plenum for receiving air from the upper intake, and a number of intake runners which extend across, an integrally with, the cylinder valve actuator cover to cylinder head intake ports which are configured at outboard sides of the engine cylinder head.
Abstract: A system for determinng the road adhesion of a tire installed on a road wheel of an automotive vehicle operating on a roadway includes a road wheel turn angle measuring device, a vehicle speed measuring mechanism and a steering force measuring mechanism. Information regarding turn angle, vehicle speed and steering force are fed into a processor which determines the road adhesion of the tire.