Abstract: Improved vectors and methods for expressing cloned genes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic origin and methods of making such vectors are disclosed, the improved vectors comprising promoters and operators from .lambda. phages and preferably do not include an active cro gene or an active N gene, the vectors having at least one endonuclease recognition site for cloning desired genes less than about 300 base pairs from the promoters and operators and being useful, as are methods utilizing the vectors, in producing a wide variety of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and vital polypeptides, hormones, enzymes, antigens, proteins and amino acids.

Abstract: Improved vectors and methods for expressing cloned genes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic origin and methods of making such vectors are disclosed, the improved vectors comprising promoters and operators from .lambda. phages and preferably do not include an active cro gene or an active N gene, the vectors having at least one endonuclease recognition site for cloning desired genes less than about 300 base pairs from the promoters and operators and being useful, as are methods utilizing the vectors, in producing a wide variety of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and vital polypeptides, hormones, enzymes, antigens, proteins and amino acids.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for preventing vane jams in cigarette hoppers. The apparatus and method of the invention are characterized by a plurality of curved elements or guides extending from the back to the front of the hopper. The guides help straighten cigarettes that have become slightly skewed in relation to cigarettes that are correctly positioned in the hopper. The guides also prevent cigarettes that have become skewed to a greater extent or turned perpendicular to correctly positioned cigarettes in a hopper from reaching the vanes of the hopper and causing jam or blockages of the vanes. The guides stop the descent through the hopper of mispositioned cigarettes and cause such cigarettes to slide toward either the front or back wall of the hopper for removal.

Abstract: A mixture of estradiol or other estrogen and an uncrosslinked, water-insoluble vinylpyrrolidone copolymer provides a matrix which gradually releases the medicament upon application to the skin of a patient in the form of an ointment, gel or film. The polymer provides for the slow and sustained release of the medicament upon topical application to the skin so that the concentration of drug in the blood plasma of the patient is maintained within the levels required for clinical efficacy.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA molecules comprising DNA sequences derived from bacteriophage T4 that are useful in expressing desired polypeptides in unexpectedly high yields, hosts and expression systems comprising such recombinant DNA molecules and methods for expressing desired polypeptides in high yields by the utilization of such hosts and expression systems.

Abstract: A mixture of estradiol or other estrogen and an uncrosslinked, water-insoluble vinylpyrrolidone copolymer provides a matrix which gradually releases the medicament upon application to the skin of a patient in the form of an ointment, gel or film. The polymer provides for the slow and sustained release of the medicament upon topical application to the skin so that the concentration of drug in the blood plasma of the patient is maintained within the levels required for clinical efficacy.

Abstract: Cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions and methods comprising delivery systems for the controlled release and enhanced penetration of biologically active materials (e.g., Vitamin A) to the skin. The delivery systems comprise cholesteric liquid crystals wherein the active material is retained within the lamellar molecular structure (i.e., between the molecular sheets) of the cholesteric liquid crystal.

Abstract: A therapeutically active solid unit dosage form comprising a carrier base material combined with a therapeutically active medicament and shaped and compressed to a solid unit dosage form having a controlled and sustained release pattern upon administration, the carrier base material comprising a mixture of one or more nonionic cellulose ethers and an alkali metal carboxylate, wherein at least one of the cellulose ethers is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose having a number average molecular weight of at least 50,000.