Abstract: A single pulse imaging (SPI) radar system for creating a radar image from a plurality of Doppler phase-shifted return radar signals in a radar environment of moving targets includes a transmitter; a receiver for receiving a radar return signal; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the output of the receiver; a processor, coupled to the output of the ADC, that is programmed with an SPI algorithm that includes a bank of range/Doppler-dependent adaptive RMMSE-based filters; and a target detector. The algorithm estimates adaptively a range profile for each of the Doppler phase-shifted return radar signals to create the radar image of the moving targets.

Abstract: A method of bonding a wafer to a substrate comprising the steps of: providing a wafer having a front surface and a back surface; attaching the front surface of the wafer to a support; thinning the wafer from the back surface; bonding the back surface of the wafer to a substrate using a thin bonding technique; and removing the support from the front surface of the wafer. A circuit comprising: a substrate; and a wafer; wherein the wafer is at most about 50 microns thick; wherein the wafer has a front surface comprising features; and wherein the wafer has a back surface bonded to the substrate using a thin bonding technique.

Abstract: A time-reversal imaging radar system for acquiring an image of a remote target includes an antenna array having a plurality of spaced-apart antennas, and a transceiver coupled to the antenna array for alternately transmitting a radar signal via the antenna array toward the target and for receiving target-reflected radar signals. The transceiver includes means for multiple-pass time-reversing the transmitted and received radar signals whereby coherent beam focusing is realized at both the target and at the receiver to thereby enhance the resolution of the acquired target image.

Abstract: A field ionization device can include a first insulator layer on a first side of a substrate, a conductive gate layer on the first insulator layer, a cavity in the substrate, a portion of first insulator over the cavity, an aperture in the portion of the first insulator layer and the conductive gate layer thereby forming an aperture and aperture sidewall. The device can include a second insulator layer on the aperture sidewall and surface of the cavity, a metallization layer over the second insulator layer, a catalyst layer on the metallization layer, and a carbon nanotube. The cavity can be made by etching a second side of the substrate to near the insulator layer, wherein the second side is opposite the first side. The carbon nanotube can be grown from the catalyst layer. The device can further include a collector located near the carbon nanotube. The conductive gate layer can be biased negative with respect to the carbon nanotube.

Abstract: The present invention provides an economically feasible robust spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) interferometer. A first type prior art monolithic SHS interferometer is exceedingly expensive, whereas a second type of prior art SHS interferometer is extremely large and has many components, which need to be tuned. The present invention is much less expensive than the first type of prior art SHS interferometer and is much smaller that the second type of prior art SHS interferometer.

Abstract: The chemical compound: Each R1 is H or CH3. A device for detecting an analyte having: a substrate; a film on the substrate, a flow cell for delivering air containing the analyte to the film, and an apparatus for measuring the refractive index of the film. Each R2 is an alkyl group. Each X is O or S.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the movements of an avatar in a virtual environment includes a user input means, such as a gamepad with a plurality of joystick-controlled and button-controlled outputs, a tracker, and optional sliding foot pedals; a processor for running virtual environment (VE) software that includes an avatar moving through the VE; and a control mapping algorithm. The algorithm maps the gamepad, tracker, and optional sliding foot pedal outputs to the avatar's course, heading, displacement, and view, with the joysticks mapped to provide open loop directional control over the course and heading of the avatar, the tracker providing open loop control over the view, and the optional sliding foot pedals providing open loop control over displacement. The operator-controlled movement of the avatar in the virtual environment is displayed to the operator on a computer desktop display or a head mounted display.

Abstract: A ceramic having at least about 90% by weight magnesium aluminate and having a bulk scattering and absorption loss of less than about 1/cm at any wavelength in a range of about 0.23 to about 5.3 microns or 0.2/cm at any wavelength in a range of about 0.27 to about 4.5 microns. A method of making a ceramic by providing a plurality of particles having a magnesium aluminate core and a fluoride salt coating; heating the particles in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature in the range of about 400° C. to about 750° C.; and sintering the particles to form a solid ceramic.

Abstract: The electroporation array is comprised of three technologies: microwire glass electrodes, microelectronic multiplexer stimulator chips and microfluidic flow chamber. Various substances, such as genes, gene silencing RNAi, gene inhibition agents or drugs, can be perfused into the microfluidic flow chamber. The entry of the various substances into the cells will be facilitated by electroporation. An applied electric potential causes nanoscale pores to open in the cell membrane allowing substances in the solution to freely diffuse into the cell. The specific cells selected for electroporation are defined using the computer controlled microelectronic stimulator array. An “image” of which electrodes within the array to apply the electric potential to, and thus electroporate, is de-multiplexed onto the array. All the selected electrodes deliver a current pulse varied by the intensity of the de-multiplexed “image”.

Abstract: An aromatic ether oligomer or polyaromatic ether comprising the formula: O—Arn; wherein Ar is an independently selected divalent aromatic radical; formed by reacting a dihydroxyaromatic with a dihaloaromatic; and wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a copper compound and cesium carbonate. The polyaromatic ether is formed when neither the dihydroxyaromatic nor the dihaloaromatic is present in an excess amount. The aromatic ether oligomer is formed by using an excess of either dihydroxyaromatic or dihaloaromatic. A phthalonitrile monomer comprising the formula: formed by reacting a 3- or 4-nitrophthalonitrile with a hydroxy-terminated aromatic ether oligomer. A thermoset formed by curing the phthalonitrile monomer. Processes for forming all the above.

Abstract: An ion-ion plasma source, that features a processing chamber containing a large concentration of halogen or halogen-based gases. A second chamber is coupled to the processing chamber and features an electron source which produces a high energy electron beam. The high energy electron beam is injected into the processing chamber where it is shaped and confined by a means for shaping and confining the high energy electron beam. The high energy electron beam produced in the second chamber when injected into the processing chamber ionizes the halogen gas creating a dense, ion-ion plasma in the processing chamber that is continuous in time.

Abstract: A compound and methods of making thereof having the structure shown below is disclosed. Each Ar is an aromatic group. Each M is palladium, platinum, or rhenium. At least one X in the compound has an aliphatic having at least 1 carbon atom. Each x, each y, and each z is an integer greater than or equal to zero. Each m is an integer greater than or equal to one. n is an integer greater than or equal to three.

Abstract: Catalytic enzyme-modified textiles are disclosed for providing protection from chemical exposure. The textiles are composed of a cloth substrate, at least one polyelectrolyte layer, at least one enzyme layer to degrade the chemical agent, and at least one capping layer. Also disclosed is the related method for making catalytic enzyme-modified textiles.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a deformable eyecup. A display shares an optical path with the eyecup. A monocular houses the display. A shutter shares the optical path with the eyecup and the display, wherein the shutter opens upon deformation of the eyecup. Optionally, the eyecup includes a rubber, neoprene, plastic, and/or pleated material. Optionally, the shutter is integral with the eyecup. Optionally, the shutter includes a mechanical iris, a liquid crystal shutter, a micro-mechanical micro-shutter array, and/or a shutter including a plurality of flaps that flex upon the deformation of the eyecup.

Abstract: A method for correcting bias in altimetry data for ascending satellite tracks and descending satellite tracks. For satellites operating in tandem, calculate ascending track bias between the height measurement made by the first and the second satellites for the ascending tracks in a region, calculate an ascending bias correction by least squares fitting a polynomial to the bias as a function of significant wave height for the ascending tracks, and apply a portion of the ascending track bias to the sea surface height measurements. The correction can be calculated based on only one track and its crossover points. Another embodiment uses data from only one satellite, estimates the sea state bias at the crossover points separately for the ascending and descending tracks, and apportions a percentage of the difference at the crossover points to the tracks based on minimizing the rms differences between the ascending and descending tracks.

Abstract: An article of manufacture having a substrate having a top surface and a first layer on the top surface. The top surface contains titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, tungsten carbide, chromium nitride, molybdenum nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium nitride, vanadium nitride, zirconium nitride, or a combination thereof. The first layer contains one or more group III-V metal nitrides.

Abstract: A radar receiver system includes a receiver, a processor, and a detector. The processor is programmed with a Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm for estimating adaptively a pulse compression filter, for each range cell of a plurality of range cells, and for each of a plurality of radar return signals, to remove interference between the radar return signals. MAPC may also include reiterative minimum mean-square error estimation for applying to each of the range cells in order to adaptively estimate a unique pulse compression filter for each cell. MAPC adaptively mitigates the masking problem that results from the autocorrelation of a waveform which produces range sidelobes scaled by the target amplitudes as well as the cross-correlation between waveforms. MAPC can also be applied when only 1 or some subset of the available illuminated radar range profiles are desired, with undesired information then discarded.

Abstract: This invention pertains to electronic/optoelectronic devices with reduced extended defects and to a method for making it. The device includes a substrate, a semiconductor active material deposited on said substrate, and electrical contacts. The semiconductor active material defines raised structures having atomically smooth surfaces. The method includes the steps of depositing a dielectric thin film mask material on a semiconductor substrate surface; patterning the mask material to form openings therein extending to the substrate surface; growing active material in the openings; removing the mask material to form the device with reduced extended defect density; and depositing electrical contacts on the device.

Abstract: An apparatus for range-estimating a noise source including a first passive, vertical hydrophone array of at least two receivers at a first distance from the noise source. The apparatus includes a second passive, vertical hydrophone array of at least two receivers at a second distance from the noise source. The apparatus also includes a processor communicating with the first passive, vertical hydrophone array and the second passive, vertical hydrophone array to determine a ratio of the first distance to the second distance.

Abstract: A method of electroplating a metal into a plurality of channels within an insulating material includes mounting the material to a cathode; placing the cathode into an electroplating solution containing the metal; placing an anode into the electroplating solution; connecting the cathode and the anode to a power supply; controlling operation of the power supply to provide a beginning current density during deposition at the insulating material and initiating electroplating of the metal within the plurality of channels starting at one face of the insulating material; and controlling operation of the power supply to provide a final current density during deposition at the insulating material and ending electroplating of the metal within the plurality of channels at the other face of the insulating material.