Abstract: Differential pressure generator 100 includes a stacked pair of opposed novel gravity transducers of the inverted-cup falling-cylinder type. First enclosure 21 contains a first gravity transducer 23 and second enclosure 31 contains a second gravity transducer 33. First gravity transducer 23 includes first cylinder 24, and first piston 25. The first cylinder is mounted for gravity-driven, viscosity-limited motion with respect to the first piston to generate a first pressure difference. The second gravity transducer includes a second cylinder and a second piston. The second cylinder is mounted for gravity-driven, viscosity-limited motion with respect to the second piston to generate a second pressure difference. The first cylinder has a displacement volume that is equal to the displacement volume of the second cylinder, and the first cylinder is heavier than the second cylinder. The first pressure difference and the second pressure difference are summed in opposition to produce a reference differential pressure.

Abstract: An improved electrospray (ES) apparatus has a low pressure ES chamber coupled to a desolvation chamber. The desolvation chamber desolvates the incoming analyte ions of the cone-jet with non-conductive energy. The apparatus stabilizes cone-jet formation in the ES chamber. The apparatus receives solvated ions without pressure reduction, produces desolvated ions with non-conductive energy in a low pressure region, and outputs the desolvated ions towards a mass spectrometer as a substantially solvent-free ion beam suitable for mass spectrometer analysis. The apparatus avoids the degree of pressure reduction featured in prior ES techniques.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for determining OBM filtrate fraction in a downhole fluid sample. One embodiment of the method is used when there is significant difference between the coloration of formation fluid and the coloration of OBM filtrate. Another is used when there is little or no difference between the coloration of formation fluid and the coloration of OBM filtrate. Another determines GOR of formation fluid corrected for OBM filtrate contamination. Another determines OD of formation fluid corrected for OBM filtrate contamination. Another determines conditions that would render optical density measurements invalid and sample capture premature. Another predicts the reduction of filtrate fraction for a specific extended pumping time. Another initiates sample capture when computed contamination fraction exhibits stable asymptotic convergence.

Abstract: A solar array system is described having a solar array 31 divided into sections 33, 35, 37, 39 connected by switches 43, 45, 47, 49 to an output bus 51. The switches can be opened and closed so the system operates at its maximum power point. The system can be used, for example, to power satellites.

Abstract: An electrical appliance such as a lamp (1) includes attachment means adapted for mounting on a member (50) of the grid of a suspended ceiling. The attachment is in the form of a clip (5) which, in common with the preferably PTFE-coated wires (11) of the lamp, is thin enough to pass between the flange (52) of the ceiling member and the ceiling panels. This avoids having to drill into the ceiling grid and allows flexibility in the positioning of the lamp.

Abstract: An auxiliary handle with a latching trigger is provided for a power washer pressure gun. The latching trigger is operable to hold the gun trigger in the "on" position. The latching trigger avoids fatigue in the hand of the operator of a conventional power washer pressure gun resulting from the need to hold the gun trigger in the "on" position during washing. The latching trigger includes a quick release mechanism having a ratchet with a notch. A wrist brace with a rigid support plate and a flexible strap is provided, attached to the auxiliary handle. The latching trigger includes a tong shaped to partially encircle the gun trigger thereby preventing disengagement of the auxiliary handle from the gun when the gun trigger in the "on" position.

Abstract: In apparatus for thermolytic distillation of lump carbonaceous material, an enclosure contains a degassing bath, a reactor bath and a quenching bath. A closed loop continuous chain conveyor drives a plurality of baskets carrying carbonaceous material through the three baths of the enclosure. The carbonaceous material is degassed in hot distillate, then immersed in molten lead in the absence of oxygen to produce char and vapor by thermolytic distillation. The char is quenched with water in the absence of oxygen. At least a portion of the vapor is condensed to produce combustible distillate.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for removing the information bearing surface and the data carried thereby from the substrate layer of a compact disc. The device includes a housing having an upper portion defining a top surface and a central cavity and a lower portion having interior and exterior surfaces. The lower portion is selectively attachable to the upper portion to enclose the lower portion interior surface within the cavity, the interior surface being sized and shaped for selectively carrying a compact disc. A mechanism is disposed within the cavity for physically removing the information bearing surface of a compact disc positioned on the lower portion interior surface. A member is provided for continuously biasing the physical removal mechanism against the information bearing surface of a compact disc positioned on the interior surface as the information bearing surface is being removed. Finally, an element is provided for actuating the physical removal mechanism.

Abstract: A method and device indirectly monitors the purity of nitrogen gas manufactured from air using a permeable membrane to separate air components. A gas flow measuring device inserted in gas conduits downstream from the membrane monitors nitrogen gas purity by measuring normal flow and detects deviation from desired purity levels by changing gas flow caused by manufacturing apparatus malfunctions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing pharmaceutical capsules use an aqueous solution of a thermogelling cellulose ether composition and use capsule body pins and capsule cap pins as molds. The method involves heating the pins, dipping the pins into the solution to cause the solution to gelatinize on the surface of the pins, removing the pins and drying the gelatinized solution on the surface of the pins to form capsule bodies and capsule caps. Pins are heated pre-dip and post-dip to facilitate gelating. Counterflow air is applied to provide drying from the inside. Capsule parts are removed by gripping. Capsule parts may have a thick wall and a stiffening ring.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing pharmaceutical capsules uses an aqueous solution of a thermogelling cellulose ether composition, and uses capsule body pins and capsule cap pins as molds. The apparatus heats the pins, dips the pins into the solution to cause the solution to gelatinize on the surface of the pins, and dries the gelatinized solution on the surface of the pins to form capsule bodies and caps. The apparatus provides differential heating and supplemental heating of the pins before dipping, and directed radiant heating after dipping. The apparatus provides counterflow air for drying. The apparatus removes parts from pins by gripping. The pins are smaller than pins used to make gelatin capsules of the same size number.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing pharmaceutical capsules use an aqueous solution of a thermogelling cellulose ether composition and use capsule body pins and capsule cap pins as molds. The method involves heating the pins, dipping the pins into the solution to cause the solution to gelatinize on the surface of the pins, removing the pins and drying the gelatinized solution on the surface of the pins to form capsule bodies and capsule caps. Pins are heated pre-dip and post-dip to facilitate gelating. Counterflow air is applied to provide drying from the inside. Capsule parts are removed by gripping. Capsule parts may have a thick wall and a stiffening ring.