Abstract: An coherent light optical system is described wherein a high frequency electrical signal modulates an optical signal. An electronic lens, whose optical properties may be easily controlled, results from control of the modulating signal. The principles of feedback are utilized for optical aberration detection and correction of the lens.

Abstract: A variable integrated optical logic element, formed on a substrate of electro-optic material, capable of being controlled to perform the six basic logic operations AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, NAND, NOR and EXCLUSIVE NOR. The optical logic element comprises a plurality of single-mode optical waveguides which form a group of parallel and series equal-arm interferometers. The optical logic element operates on the principle of constructive and destructive interference between light beams. Voltage means are provided for varying the index of refraction of certain of the optical waveguides, to produce relative phase differences in the light energy propagating therein. By inducing phase shifts in the light energy propagating in appropriate waveguides, each of the six basic logic operations can be performed. Also disclosed is an electrically passive, phase-sensitive optical coupler, which is used for switching light energy between waveguides.

Abstract: A method of collocating transmitters within a power area, utilizing the pr supply ripple frequency components contained in the modulation envelope of radio transmissions. Two or more signals are first detected and then filtered to extract the ripple frequency components. The phase relation between the ripple components is then compared, a constancy of relation indicating that both signals have the same AC power source, and thus that the transmitters are located in the same power area.

Abstract: Disclosed are acousto-optical information processors employing a two-dimensional, time-integrating architecture. These three-product type processors are multi-purpose processors which can perform a variety of complex signal processing operations in two-dimensions, without requiring two-dimensional spatial light modulators. Typical of these processing operations are two-dimensional correlation, spectrum analysis, and cross ambiquity function processing. Some of the two-dimensional processing operations are made possible by the incorporation into a two-dimensional correlator of a distributed local oscillator, which may be implemented with mechanical-optical or electro-optical techniques. The acousto-optical processors may be easily implemented with readily available optical and acousto-optical components.

Abstract: A technique for detecting whether a package has been tampered with or altd. A package is first coated with a transparent material, such material having bubbles or particles of random size and/or spacing trapped within it. A hologram is then made of the package with the bubbled coating, showing the spacial relationship of the surface of the package and the bubbled coating. At the destination of the package, the package is viewed through the hologram to detect any change in the spacial relationship between the package surface and the bubbled coating. Any such change in the spacial relationship would indicate that the package had been tampered with or altered.

Abstract: 2. An apparatus for producing a substantially noncyclic sequence of binary electric values, including a driving gear, a plurality of driven gears associated with said driving gear, each of said driven gears having a pattern disc carried thereby, each said disc having a plurality of radial slots in its periphery, means for utilizing the slots of each said disc to produce a sequence of binary electric values, means for substantially combining pairs of sequences so produced, value by value, to produce a lesser number of new sequences of binary electric values, and means for combining said new sequences in pairs, value by value.

Abstract: 8.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining secure communication between subscribers. A trally located key distribution center, which includes a data processor, is utilized as a source of remotely selected working variables which are utilized to enable secure communication between a plurality of selected subscribers. Each subscriber in the system has a unique variable which identifies him to the data processor, and enables a secure communication with the data processor, which will then provide him with the working variable of the subscriber that he wishes to call. The key distribution center also reiteratively replaces the working variable of the caller, and the called subscriber if desired, each time contact is made with the key distribution center.

Abstract: 1. A circuit for simulating the scrambling of an electromechanical rotor of the type wherein an input to an input contact on one side of the rotor appears on one of a plurality of output contacts on the other side of the rotor in accordance with the wiring among the contacts and with the position of the rotor, which comprises first and second pluralities of switching circuits, means connecting the two pluralities of switching circuits in a manner dictated by the wiring between the input and output contacts of the rotor being simulated, means for applying an input to the first plurality of switching circuits, means for energizing a predetermined switching circuit in each plurality of switching circuits, and means for withdrawing an output from one of the second plurality of switching circuits.

Abstract: A system for the secure transmission and reception of information which uizes pseudo values of phase and amplitude of speech signals, which are related to the original values by specific algorithms. These pseudo values of phase and amplitude are encrypted separately and then transmitted. A similar system is used to process the received signals to obtain the original information.

Abstract: A secret-signaling, transmitted-reference, spread-spectrum system, utiliz a suppressed-noise carrier for the information signal in combination with a delayed-noise, suppressed carrier of a fixed frequency in order to spectrum-spread the voice signal across the noise signal in the same frequency band. The receiver of the system delays the transmitted signal input which is taken together with the undelayed transmitted signal to determine correlation in order to extract, from the transmitted spread-spectrum signal, solely the information signal generated.

Abstract: 1. In a facsimile apparatus, means for producing a stepped signal, the amplitudes of the steps being substantially dependent upon the photographic density of the subject and the durations of the steps being predetermined, a combining circuit and means for introducing the stepped signal thereto, means for introducing a coding signal to said combining circuit including a series of contacts and means for applying electrical potentials thereto, means for making successive circuits between the several contacts and the combining circuit, the durations of maintenance of the successive circuits being equal to the durations of the steps of the first mentioned signal, and means for synchronizing the circuit making means with the first mentioned signal.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: A secure communications system is disclosed which utilizes an optical infation signal transmitted over a frangible optical fiber. An alarm signal is continuously transmitted from the information receiver site to the information transmitter site over the same optical fiber. Any attempt to penetrate the optical fiber for the purpose of intercepting the information transmitted therein causes the frangible fiber to shatter, thereby disrupting the alarm signal being received at the information transmitter site. The detection of this condition results in the immediate disabling of the information transmitter.

Abstract: An apparatus for verifying the tolerance of the positions of holes in in form of a continuous web is moved over an opaque plate on which there are a plurality of transparent areas in the form of slits. The slits in the plate are illuminated by light sources placed above the plate. Photocells are placed below the plate in position with the slits so as to be responsive to the light coming therethrough. The moving web of punched material is positioned with respect to the plate such that when the holes are in tolerance they pass between pairs of slits, thereby blocking the light from reaching the photocells. If a hole position is out of tolerance, it passes over one or more of the slits, thereby permitting the corresponding photocells to provide an output. This indicates the presence of an out-of-tolerance hole.

Abstract: 2. In an apparatus of the nature described, the combination of means for storing a portion of an electrical signal, means for picking up elements of said portion, a plurality of switching means controlling the conduction of said elements each switching means having a conducting condition and a nonconducting condition, and means for controlling the conductivity of the switching means including a bank of groups of switch contacts each group comprising contacts as numerous as the switching means, and means for selectively closing by groups the contacts of said bank.

Abstract: A dynamic memory is disclosed, in which data is rearranged among its internal memory locations in accordance with either of two different shuffle operations. The shuffle operations, an In Shuffle and an Out Shuffle, rearrange the data in a manner similar to the manner in which cards of a deck are rearranged when shuffled. Using only the two shuffle operations, a method of random accessing data in the theoretical minimum time is disclosed, for all odd-sized memories and all memories of size 2.sup.r. Once a desired datum has been accessed, successive data can be sequentially accessed in unit time. Processes for sequential accessing of data are shown to be related to the existence of sequences of In and Out Shuffles which move each datum through the read/write window of the memory, which sequences are defined as tours. A method for determining the existence of and for constructing tours for certain sized memories is also disclosed.

Abstract: Compact arrangements of two-input magnetic bubble logic gates providing bubble devices for performing serial integer arithmetic on binary integers are disclosed. Using only a small number of different types of logic gates, designs are given for devices for performing serial addition, subtraction, multiplication and division arithmetic operations on binary integers, represented as sequences of magnetic bubbles. All logical interactions use bubble repulsion to prevent bubbles from transferring to adjacent propagation paths via preferred transitions. By using only two-input gates and a pipeline computational structure, hardware design is simplified and advantage is taken of the inherent serial nature of bubble technology. The simple gate interconnection geometry has a minimum of feedback paths and results in devices which are not burdened with excessive numbers of bubble generators, annihilators or crossovers.

Abstract: 1. In a communication system including the representation of different characters by normally dissimilar groups of impulses, the method of enciphering a message which includes transposing the impulses from place to place within the respective character groups and from one character group to another.

Abstract: 1. In a cryptographing machine, a commutator comprising a disc of insulation having an axial opening therethrough and having a peripheral flange thereon, and having a plurality of slots formed in its inner surface, a plurality of contacts anchored in a ring in one surface of said disc, a plurality of second contacts each having a springy end retaining that contact in readily detachable position in one of said slots and a springy intermediate portion and a contact proper supported by said intermediate portion, and conductors connecting said contacts to said second contacts in pairs disposed heterogeneously around said ring.