Abstract: Hydrofining catalysts comprising cobalt and/or nickel oxides plus molybdenum and/or tungsten oxides are presulfided with mixed sulfiding agents comprising (1) a liquid phase heavy mineral oil fraction containing native organic sulfur and (2) a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and H.sub.2 S, the contacting being carried out at temperatures sufficiently high to convert some but not more than about 90% of the organic sulfur in the mineral oil fraction to H.sub.2 S.

Abstract: Paraffinic, olefinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting the same at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising an alumina-supported composite of platinum, chlorine and a minor proportion of cesium, with or without other added metals such as iridium, rhodium, rhenium and the like.

Abstract: Nickel-alumina catalysts having a remarkably high degree of thermal stability, and active for the hydrogenation of carbon oxides (methanation), steam reforming, gasification, etc. are prepared by a novel "precipitative-occlusion" method. This method involves digesting a slurry of an alumina hydrate in an aqueous solution of an ammino complex of a nickel salt. The digestion is carried out at a temperature sufficiently high to decompose the ammino complex and "release" the nickel (II) ions. This results in a gradual precipitation of nickel hydroxide in the pores and interstices formed by the agglomerating particles of alumina hydrate. The coflocculated solids are recovered as by filtration, washed, dried and calcined. The resulting compositions are found, in high temperature reactions such as methanation, to retain their activity for much longer periods of time than do conventional nickel-alumina catalysts prepared by the most widely used prior art technique, viz, coprecipitation.

Abstract: Paraffinic, olefinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting the same at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising an alumina-supported composite of platinum, chlorine and a minor proportion of cesium, with or without other added metals such as iridium, rhodium, rhenium and the like.

Abstract: Siliceous zeolite catalysts comprising zeolitic mono- and/or divalent metal cations and a non-zeolitic Group VIII noble metal hydrogenating component supported thereon, which catalysts have undergone damage by thermal and/or hydrothermal stresses resulting in a maldistribution of the metal components, are rejuvenated in activity by a first treatment with a volumetric excess of aqueous ammonium hydroxide, followed by a second treatment with an extractive proportion of an aqueous ammonium salt solution. The combined treatments have a twofold effect of bringing about a desirable redistribution of the Group VIII noble metal, and of exchanging out at least a portion of undesired zeolitic mono- and/or divalent metal ions. A highly advantageous procedure for carrying out the rejuvenation involves simply neutralizing the ammonium hydroxide-catalyst mixture from the first treatment with a suitable acid to give the ammonium salt desired for the second treatment.

Abstract: Highly active hydrofining catalysts are prepared by ion exchanging a silica-alumina hydrogel with an ammoniacal solution of a cobalt and/or nickel compound, and thereafter compositing the undried product with an alumina hydrogel and a molybdenum component, followed by drying and calcining. The resulting catalysts are particularly active for the denitrogenation of mineral oil feedstocks.

Abstract: Highly stable and active catalysts are provided for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. The catalysts are extruded composites of an acidic, crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, e.g. Y zeolite, and a porous mineral oxide binder. The basic novel feature of the invention resides in the shape and size of the catalyst extrudates. By shaping the extrudates so as to give a high ratio of external surface area to volume, resistance to deactivation is found to be much improved, as well as activity and selectivity.

Abstract: Novel, high surface area cobalt-molybdenum-alumina desulfurization catalysts containing 20-30 weight-percent of MoO.sub.3, and being free of X-ray-detectable cobalt molybdate crystallites, are disclosed. A preferred method of preparation thereof involves first comulling boehmite alumina with aqueous ammonium molybdate solution, drying the resulting mixture, then comulling with a soluble cobalt salt and water, thereafter forming the resulting mixture into extrudates, and finally calcining the extrudates under controlled temperature conditions correlated with the molybdenum content of the catalyst so as to preserve adequate surface area and prevent the formation of large crystallites of cobalt molybdate.

Abstract: Highly active, acidic sulfactive metal hydrogenation catalysts comprising Mo and/or W plus Ni and/or Co are prepared by methods comprising as the essential novel feature impregnating gamma alumina particles with an aqueous solution having dissolved therein one or more fluosilicates of cobalt and/or nickel, followed by drying and calcining. The resulting compositions contain uniformly distributed fluorine and SiO.sub.2 as active acidic promoters, intimately associated with the sulfactive metal components.

Abstract: A method for treating arsenic-containing waste materials for disposal in landfill sites comprises admixing an arsenic waste, Portland cement, sand, one or more water-soluble manganese or alkaline earth metal salts, and water, thereby producing a slurry similar to wet concrete, which slurry, when cured, leaves a rock-like material containing entrapped arsenic. This material may be used for landfill without danger of ground or rain waters leaching arsenic therefrom.

Abstract: Liquid fuels of readily identifiable origin contain extremely small quantities of certain types of chlorohydrocarbon or chlorocarbon tracers dissolved therein. The presence of such tracers is readily detected by gas chromatography, using a pulsed electron capture detector.

Abstract: Siliceous zeolite catalysts comprising zeolitic mono- and/or divalent metal cations and a non-zeolitic Group VIII noble metal hydrogenating component supported thereon, which catalysts have undergone damage by thermal and/or hydrothermal stresses resulting in a maldistribution of the metal components, are rejuvenated in activity by treatment with an aqueous ammonia solution. The treatment has a twofold effect of exchanging out at least a portion of the zeolitic mono- and/or divalent metal ions, and bringing about a desirable redistribution of the Group VIII noble metal.

Abstract: Highly active hydrofining catalysts are prepared by ion exchanging a silica-alumina hydrogel with an ammoniacal solution of a cobalt and/or nickel compound, and thereafter compositing the undried product with an alumina hydrogel and a molybdenum component, followed by drying and calcining. The resulting catalysts are particularly active for the denitrogenation of mineral oil feedstocks.

Abstract: A gasoline dispensing nozzle for discharging gasoline into receiving vessels and for removing vapors therefrom through a vapor removal line is provided with an automatic shut-off device that terminates the delivery of gasoline in the event liquid gasoline flows into said vapor removal line. The shut-off device comprises a sensing orifice disposed at the end of a flexibly mounted tube within said vapor removal line, which tube leads to a passageway extending into the housing of said gasoline nozzle and terminating in a chamber that contains a conventional, diaphragm-operated, trigger mechanism for closing the main nozzle valve. In operation, no matter which way the nozzle is inserted into a gasoline tank fill pipe, the sensing orifice, by gravity, will fall into a position such that, if gasoline flows into said vapor removal line, it must also flood the sensing orifice.

Abstract: Arsenic containing fuel compositions are disclosed that will, upon combination, leave an ash that retains substantial proportions of said arsenic, thereby reducing its dissemination into the atmosphere. This result is obtained by adding to the fuel small amounts of a Mg, Ba, Zn, or Ni component. Also disclosed are certain fuel compositions containing both Mg and Zn additives that produce an ash containing arsenic in an essentially insoluble form.

Abstract: The concentration of arsenic in shale oil produced from retorting arsenic-containing oil shale in a conventional retorting kiln is reduced by blending with said oil shale a nickel-containing additive. During retorting, the amount of arsenic released in vaporous form from the oil shale is reduced, thereby decreasing the amount of arsenic which collects with the produced liquid shale oil. Thus, a shale oil is produced having a significantly lower arsenic content than is obtainable without the use of the nickel additive.

Abstract: Catalysts having a high degree of thermal stability, comprising alumina and one or more of the iron group metals are prepared from aqueous solutions containing a dissolved aluminum salt, a salt of at least one of the iron group metals and a delayed precipitant such as urea. The solution is heated to a temperature sufficient to hydrolyze the delayed precipitant with resultant liberation of ammonia and carbon dioxide homogeneously throughout the solution, until the pH of the solution rises sufficiently to effect coprecipitation of the metal salts as hydroxides and/or carbonates. The resulting coprecipitate is then recovered, washed, dried, shaped and calcined in conventional fashion to obtain a final product which, after hydrogen-reduction is very active, and displays much greater thermal stability than corresponding prior art catalysts prepared by non-homogeneous coprecipitation with alkaline, ionic reagents such as sodium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, or ammonium carbonate.

Abstract: A feed gas containing one or more components selected from the class consisting of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2, SO.sub.3, COS, CS.sub.2, light mercaptans, and sulfur vapor is desulfurized by (a) hydrogenating and hydrolyzing essentially all non-H.sub.2 S sulfur components to H.sub.2 S, (b) oxidizing most of the H.sub.2 S in the resulting product gas to sulfur, and removing the latter by condensation, (c) oxidizing the residual H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2, (d) absorbing essentially all the SO.sub.2 in an aqueous ammonia solution, (e) passing a portion of the SO.sub.2 -containing ammonia solution to step (a), and (f) discharging from step (d) a purified product gas essentially free of sulfur components.A feed gas, such as a stack gas, which contains only SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 components to be removed therefrom, may be treated in alternative embodiments of the invention involving the passage of all or a major proportion of the feed gas directly to absorption step (d).

Abstract: A process for removing vanadium and nickel deactivants from contaminated hydrodesulfurization catalysts comprising Group VIB and/or VIII active components on refractory oxide supports comprising contacting said catalysts with an aqueous solution of (1) oxalic acid and (2) at least one inorganic component selected from the class consisting of nitric acid and water-soluble nitrate salts.The removal of vanadium and nickel contaminants from the surface of a deactivated catalyst by the process of the invention substantially rejuvenates the catalyst for hydrodesulfurization purposes, provided such removal is accomplished prior to burning off any coke that may also be present on said catalysts.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion methods employing unique catalyst compositions exhibiting improved conversion characteristics particularly as regards denitrogenation and/or cracking selectivity to predetermined boiling range products involve the use of a catalytic combination of zeolitic aluminosilicates, alumina, and at least one of the metals, oxides and sulfides of Periodic Groups VI and VIII, prepared by the method including the steps of thermally activating at least a major portion of the alumina at a temperature of at least about 600.degree. F prior to combination with both the aluminosilicate and the hydrogenation component, forming an aggregate from an intimate admixture of the alumina, aluminosilicate and hydrogenation component and thermally activating the resultant aggregate. Midbarrel hydrocracking processes of higher selectivity and superior denitrogenation methods are described.