Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating two laminae of a laminate. The apparatus has a separator extending into the path of the laminate as it travels through the apparatus. The separator may be shaped similar to a knife blade and be interposed between the two laminae of the laminate as the laminae pass by the separator. At least a portion of the laminae of the laminate are separated from one another by the separator during dispensing.

Abstract: A method and applicator for applying sheet material to a substrate. The applicator comprises two outwardly facing burnishes, each having an outwardly facing surface. The surfaces are disposed at an included angle of at least 180°, and preferably at least 270°. This geometry allows for positioning sheet material, such as wallpaper, into a corner to begin application at a desired position. Further, this geometry allows the user to conveniently and ergonomically effectively rotate the applicator as the sheet material is being applied. The applicator and sheet material may be provided together in a kit.

Abstract: A method for making chlorine dioxide, by passing an aqueous feed solution comprising sodium chlorite into a non-membrane electrolysis cell comprising an anode and a cathode, adjacent to the anode, while flowing electrical current between the anode and the cathode to electrolyze the aqueous feed solution and convert the halogen dioxide salt to halogen dioxide. The anode is preferably a porous anode through which the aqueous feed solution passes to maximize the conversion of chlorite to chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: Tissue paper having indicia disposed thereon. The tissue paper may be through air dried, or otherwise structured to provide a texture on at least one face. The textured face of the tissue paper has indicia printed thereon. The indicia provides a high fidelity, realistic visual impression of whatever is represented thereby. This realistic impression allows the indicia to be taken from photographic sources, as well as artwork.

Abstract: Improved microneedle arrays are provided having a sufficiently large separation distance between each of the individual microneedles to ensure penetration of the skin while having a sufficiently small separation distance to provide high transdermal transport rates. A very useful range of separation distances between microneedles is in the range of 100–300 microns, and more preferably in the range of 100–200 microns. The outer diameter and microneedle length is also very important, and in combination with the separation distance will be crucial as to whether or not the microneedles will actually penetrate the stratum corneum of skin. For circular microneedles, a useful outer diameter range is from 20–100 microns, and more preferably in the range of 20–50 microns.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for making sheets having indicia spaced in a machine direction. Between or among the indicia are perforations or chop-off cuts. The spacing, in the machine direction, between the indicia and perforations or chop-off cuts is maintained over long sheet lengths. The product produced using this apparatus and process is typically paper, and particularly can be used for paper towels or placemats.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that generates plasma using a microwave radiation supply. The plasma is used to treat a surface of a workpiece at approximately atmospheric pressure. Plasma excites a working gas to create an excited gaseous species without degradation from undue heat caused by the plasma. The gaseous species exit an outlet of the apparatus to treat the surface of a workpiece when the outlet is juxtaposed with the workpiece.

Abstract: A method for measuring the barrier properties of naturally occurring tissue, such as the skin. The method comprises the steps of providing a probe having a pair of spaced apart electrodes in electrical communication with each other, a voltage generator capable of supplying an increasing voltage between said electrodes, and a voltage meter capable of indicating the voltage between said electrodes. The electrodes are placed in contact with the target surface. An increasing voltage from is supplied from the voltage generator to the electrodes until current between said electrodes reaches a predetermined value. The voltage, which occurs when the current reaches the predetermined value, is noted. In another embodiment the invention comprises a device for measuring the barrier properties of the skin. The device comprises a probe. The probe has a pair of spaced apart electrodes in electrical communication with each other.

Abstract: A plasma generating apparatus and method for treating a surface of a workpiece. This apparatus comprises a power supply 100, at least one powerable electrode connected to the power supply 100, at least one groundable electrode connected to ground, a dielectric separating the at least one powerable electrode and the at least one groundable electrode, a chamber at least partially housing both the powerable electrode and the groundable electrode and a first inlet for admitting a first gas into the chamber such that the first gas can flow between the at least one powerable electrode and the at least one groundable electrode. The at least one powerable electrode and the at least one groundable electrode are disposed in an array. These electrodes are arranged to be on a common side of a workpiece, to provide a portable apparatus.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus is provided as a system to enhance skin appearance and health, in which skin is cleaned (or exfoliated) and conditioned by use of microelements affixed to a base element or hand-held patch. The dimensions of the microelements are controlled so as to remove a certain number of layers of skin cells and to accumulate those skin cells, along with other foreign substances, into areas between the microelements. In addition, a conditioning compound or therapeutic active can be applied to the exfoliated skin to enhance the skin. Moreover, the amount of accumulated skin cells represents a self-limiting maximum quantity that cannot be substantially exceeded regardless of the number of attempts by a user to re-use the microstructure apparatus.

Abstract: A method for determining the probability of observing an event. The event may occur either alone or in combination with one or more other events. The method may be non-combinatorial in that it does not require a separate calculation for each simultaneously occurring event, thereby significantly reducing computation time for complex systems having multiple events. Further, the method may be numerically reversed to calculate the probability of an event occurring based upon the number of observations. The method is particularly useful for predicting availability, component failure, or the possibility of a false start in production systems.

Abstract: A method and device for applying sheet material, such as wallpaper, to a substrate. The applicator is bi-positionable, having a first position where the sheet material is spaced apart from the substrate and a second position where the sheet material contact the substrate. Additionally or alternatively, the applicator may be provided with a control bar. In the first position, the control bar contacts a portion of the sheet material such as its free end. This minimizes the chance of the sheet material prematurely contacting the substrate. In the second position, the sheet material is disengaged from the control bar for application to the substrate. The applicator and sheet material may be provided together in a kit.

Abstract: A system for mobile robots to detect obstructions. Obstructions include objects which may impair the or impede the mobility of the robot, as well as transitions from carpeted surfaces to hard surfaces, transitions from hard surfaces to carpet, or transitions between other types of flooring. The system includes a plow which may move underneath the obstruction, The obstruction may the be brushed aside, or rise to an elevation detectable by the robot. Upon detection, the robot may change its direction of movement or stop moving altogether.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for molding three-dimensional articles having interstitials. The article has elongate elements and interstitials between the elongate elements. The interstitials may extend entirely through the article, or intercept only the periphery of the article. The article may be formed by injection molding, using two or more mold segments, each having elongate members. The mold segments are separated from each other in a separation direction. The separation direction is parallel to the elongate members of the mold segments and/or the elongate elements of the article. The method and apparatus according to the present invention is useful for making a static mixer, heat exchanger or similar article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a horizontally movable and downwardly biased appendage that extends laterally from a surface treating apparatus, such as a robotic floor cleaner. The robotic floor cleaner and/or appendage may use disposable cleaning sheets, such as dust clothes, wipes, sheet-brushes, and the like, to clean under objects or into corners but does not substantially interfere with the rotation of the surface treating apparatus about its axis when it is adjacent to encountered obstacles. The appendage can extend under low hanging obstructions to remove dirt, and reach into corners innavigable or unreachable by the robotic floor cleaner.

Abstract: An extrusion/coating die. The die has an internal cavity and one or more static mixers in the die cavity. The static mixer fills the die cavity at its respective cross section. The die may also have one or more auxiliary inlets for separately admitting material/energy to the die.

Abstract: An integral three-dimensional article having interstitials therethrough, the three-dimensional article comprises an unconstrained number of axially successive stages. An apparatus and process for molding such a three-dimensional article are also disclosed. The apparatus has members extending into a mold cavity, each member having access to the periphery of the mold cavity. Each stage may nest within an adjacent stage. The nesting may be accomplished by having the end of one stage be convex, while the mating end of an adjacent stage is complementary and concave. The article may be useful as a static mixer, heat exchanger, etc.

Abstract: A faecal management device has a bag and a flange. The faecal management device is placed on a wearer, in combination with an applicator. The applicator is configured to exert pressure from at least two spaced apart pressure points onto the flange of the device. The device is placed on a wearer by using placement lobes associated with the flange.