Abstract: A rotating anode for x-ray generation uses a heat pipe principle with a heat pipe coolant located in a sealed chamber of a rotating portion of the anode. The rotating portion is positioned relative to a second portion so that relative rotation occurs between the two portions and so that a fluid path exists between the two portions through which an external cooling fluid may flow. The relative motion between the two portions provides a turbulent flow to the cooling fluid. The anode may also include cooling fins that extend into the sealed chamber. The sealed chamber may be under vacuum, and may be sealed by o-rings or by brazing. A closable fill port may be provided via which heat pipe coolant may be added. A balancing mass may be used to balance the anode in two dimensions.

Abstract: An ion source generating ions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) comprising a MALDI sample support and a solid-state the laser system generating a pulsed laser beam, which has a wavelength in the range between 332 and 342 nanometers and is spatially shaped in the solid-state laser system such that the spatial intensity distribution of the laser beam on the MALDI sample support exhibits more than one intensity peak.

Abstract: An x-ray mirror provides focusing and monochromatization while maintaining a high degree of reflectivity. The mirror has at least two mirror portions, one with a multilayer surface that provides the desired monochromating, and the other with a total external reflection surface. The multiple surfaces combine to provide the desired focusing of the x-rays from a source to a focus point. A variety of configurations may be used, each of which does the desired focusing and monochromatization with minimal energy loss. Relative positioning of the mirror portions may also allow for adjustment of the focus length.

Abstract: In a nuclear magnetic resonance probe, the sample coil is connected to the RF excitation source via transmission lines that are arranged to generate one or more nodal points at the 1H excitation frequency along their lengths and a balanced magnetic filed profile within the sample coil. Heat exchangers are then connected directly to the inner conductor of the transmission line at these nodal points. The transmission line inner conductors are in direct contact with the sample coil and efficiently cool the coil to cryogenic temperatures without interfering with the 1H resonance or RF profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to sample support plates with hydrophilic anchors in a strongly hydrophobic environment for mass spectroscopic analysis of biosubstances with ionization by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI), procedures for manufacturing these sample supports, and connected procedures for loading these sample supports with biomolecular samples. The invention provides areas with affinity adsorbents adjacent to the hydrophilic anchors for purifying biosubstances and, if wanted, for performing an affinity selection of biosubstances, whereby the finally prepared matrix sample crystals with the biosubstances for the MALDI analysis are well localized on the hydrophilic anchors.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a quantitative property of a sample substance by means of magnetic resonance is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a conveyor for conveying sample containers containing the sample substance through a measuring station. The measuring station comprises a magnet system for generating a constant magnetic field of high homogeneity. The measuring station, further, comprises a probe head adapted for letting sample containers be conveyed therethrough and for generating a high frequency magnetic field. A magnetic resonance measuring unit determines the quantitative property of the sample substance contained in the probe head. The probe head excites and detects, resp., the magnetic resonance essentially only within that section of the sample container which contains the sample substance. The probe head comprises a split-ring resonator which, as seen in a conveying direction of the conveyor, has a passage cross-section for letting run the sample containers therethrough.

Abstract: A method is described for determination of the content of at least one component of a sample by means of a nuclear magnetic resonance pulse spectrometer, with the magnetization of the sample being influenced by a sequence of radio-frequency pulses such that the signal amplitudes to be observed can be determined. The magnetization of the sample is initially saturated, and the signal amplitudes which are determined at each time by the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times T1 and T2 and/or T2* and/or T1p, from which a value for the content of the at least one component is determined, are measured at the same time in a cohesive experimental procedure.

Abstract: The invention relates to the acquisition of spectra of biopolymers, especially of proteins, in tandem mass spectrometers with ionization using matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) for the examination or determination of sequence patterns. The invention consists of a method of measuring granddaughter spectra of terminal fragment ions of the bipolymers in tandem mass spectrometers, wherein a so-called in-source fragmentation to generate a first generation of fragment or daughter ions of a biopolymer is coupled with a subsequent measurement of granddaughter ions, which have been obtained by a further fragmentation of a selected type of daughter ions. The method according to the invention enables the determination of the terminal sequences which are otherwise very difficult to measure.

Abstract: The invention relates to RF voltage-operated ion guides based on stacked apertured diaphragms. The invention provides ion guides consisting of diaphragm stacks that permit the ion beam to be shaped in cross-section so that it corresponds to the acceptance profile of the subsequent section of the device, therefore yielding optimal ion transmission. For this purpose, at least some of the diaphragms in the diaphragm stacks do not have circular openings, but instead have openings which shape the cross section of the emerging ion beam in the desired manner. It is possible, for instance, to obtain elliptical beam cross sections, divided beams or beams focused to the shape of a fine thread at the output of the diaphragm stacks.

Abstract: A resonator apparatus and a method for electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements are disclosed. The resonator apparatus comprises a dielectric resonator and a sample vessel extending through the resonator. The sample vessel is configured as one single flexible tube. Means are provided for conveying a liquid sample substance through the flexible tube. According to the method a liquid sample substance is guided through the sample vessel, wherein the sample substance is gated by cyclically conveying and stopping, resp., a flow of the sample substance. A measurement is conducted within the resonator when the flow of sample substance is stopped.

Abstract: The invention generates mass scale comparability between mass spectra which are acquired in time-of-flight mass spectrometers, particularly with ionization by matrix-assisted laser desorption. Always slightly distorted mass scales of different mass spectra from the same type of sample can be aligned. The flight times of identical ions always differ slightly from one mass spectrum to the next due to non-reproducible processes in the ionization method. Thus the apparent mass values of ion signals of identical substances in different mass spectra do not match even if the flight times are converted into mass values with the identical calibration equation. After alignment of the mass scales, mass spectra can be reliably compared with respect to deviations in intensities of bio-makers, or be added together without deterioration in the mass resolution, and improved reference spectrum libraries can be created. Furthermore, the invention allows more reliable library searches to be carried out.

Abstract: A radio frequency coil arrangement for magnetic resonance measurements as well as a probe head for measuring resonance signals by utilizing such a radio frequency arrangement are disclosed. The radio frequency coil arrangement comprises a scroll coil having a stripe being spirally wound about a longitudinal axis, and having ends being provided with terminals for feeding and/or receiving radio frequency signals. The stripe, as seen in a plane unwound view, is configured in a Z-shape with a middle, broad section as well as two lateral, narrow sections being offset with respect to each other in a lateral direction, such that the lateral sections do not overlap in the lateral direction when the stripe is wound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to graphic presentations of complex analytical data strings containing each a multitude of substance-representing peaks (e.g. mass spectra or chromatograms) and pattern recognition or classification techniques in collections of such data strings. The invention proposes to highlight, after execution of the pattern recognition or classification algorithms, the significantly participating peaks in the graphical display so that the nature of these peaks, and the substances represented by these peaks, can easily be further investigated. The content of the graphical display, particularly the peaks, can be interactively accessed by the user and by the pattern recognition programs.

Abstract: An X-ray analysis device makes use of a variable aperture for controlling the position and cross section of the X-ray beam. The variable aperture is configured to allow changes in the cross section and/or position of the beam by movement of one aperture component in one direction. In one embodiment, the aperture medium is a perforated disk that is rotated to expose different aperture holes to the beam. In another embodiment, the aperture medium is a perforated tape that is moved in a linear direction to expose different aperture holes to the beam. The tape may be wound about two axes to control its movement, or may be a continuous loop. A cassette may also be used to house the tape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser system for the ionization of a sample by matrix-assisted laser desorption in mass spectrometric analysis. The invention consists in providing an adjustable laser system which, in one setting, generates a single intensity peak on the sample and, in another setting, a multiplicity of intensity peaks, with the half-width, intensity, spatial arrangement and/or degree of spatial modulation of the single intensity peak and/or the intensity peaks being adjustable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring cell for an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTMS). The invention provides a measuring cell which, on the one hand, consists of two ion-repelling RF grids at the front ends as trapping electrodes and thus produces a pure cyclotron motion of the ions without the usually co-existing magnetron motion and, on the other hand, measures a multiplied cyclotron frequency by means of a plurality of detection electrodes, whereby either a higher mass accuracy or a shorter measuring time can be achieved.

Abstract: A method for determining the masses of ions of a sample that contains a known class of biopolymers and is measured with a mass spectrometer having a statistical or pseudo-statistical error distribution includes acquiring a mass spectrum of ions of biopolymers of the known class in the sample in which mass spectrum the mass values of ions of biopolymers from the known class are concentrated in known distributions around a set of most probable mass values. At least one measured mass value of the mass spectrum is replaced by that one of a set of most probable mass values that is nearest to the measured mass value, or by a weighted average of the measured mass value averaged with that one of the set of most probable mass values that is nearest to the measured mass value.

Abstract: A collaboration system synchronizes an application or applications running on one or more computer systems. Each of the applications has a local data copy and the applications commence operation by creating consistent local copies from a common third copy. The consistency is maintained by distributing address space independent selections and commands to each application as they are entered at a controlling system. The selections and commands are generated by directly manipulating a presentation of each local data copy. When a selection and command arrive at a destination, the selection is used to find and selection the data and the command is applied to the data located by the selection.

Abstract: A method is provided for correcting at least one portion of a spectrum, in particular a Raman spectrum, by eliminating a baseline which is due to a perturbing spectrum, in particular due to a fluorescence spectrum, superimposed on the spectrum, wherein i) a convex envelope of the spectrum is determined, at least in the portion of the spectrum which is to be corrected, and ii) the convex part of the envelope lying below the spectrum is subtracted from the spectrum in the portion to be corrected. Before step i), iii) a convex function f is added to the spectrum in the portion to be corrected.

Abstract: A process for managing and authorizing rights in a computer system accounts for the dynamic, multi-dimensional, and granular nature of rights. A database structure divides works and rights into two related tables. A works table includes information sufficient to identify works managed by the system, while a rights table identifies a right associated with a work and includes one or more date fields delimiting the right. The rights table may also include type of use information. Additional tables, such as a work relation table, a party table, or an order table, may be provided. The process involves managing and querying the database structure and has broad applicability to intellectual, real, and personal property; contract management; and similar items. The process may be performed in a computer system operating in standalone mode, client/server mode, or over the Internet.