Abstract: A modified latex drag reducer and methods of making and using the drag reducer in order to reduce friction losses resulting from turbulent fluid flow through a conduit. Particularly, the modified latex drag reducer is formed from an initial latex which is a product of an emulsion polymerization reaction. The initial latex is then modified, preferably by admixing with at least one low HLB surfactant or at least one solvent, or both, to form a modified latex with an enhanced dissolution rate in a hydrocarbon stream over the initial latex.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-soluble drag-reducing suspension is described, along with a process for manufacturing the drag-reducing suspension. The drag-reducing suspension is easily transportable, non-hazardous, easily handled, and provides a significant increase in drag-reducing capability over existing products. The drag-reducing suspension is manufactured by grinding an ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the presence of a grinding aid and mixing it with a suspending fluid.

Abstract: A system for enhancing fluid/solids contacting in a fluidization reactor by controlling the particle size distribution of the solid particulates in the reactor.

Abstract: The attrition resistance of sorbent compositions are enhanced by acid-treating the perlite component of the sorbent. The efficiency of making a promoter metal-containing sorbent composition is enhanced using a novel method for incorporating the promoter metal into the sorbent.

Abstract: In a desulfurization process for the removal of organosulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon fluid stream such as cracked-gasoline or diesel fuel wherein a bifunctional sorbent system is employed, surface treatment of the bifunctional sorbent during the use of same for desulfurization results in an extension of the useful life of the bifunctional sorbent prior to the regeneration and reactivation of same for further use in the desulfurization of the hydrocarbon fluid stream.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: A sorbent composition comprising a support and a reduced-valence noble metal can be used to desulfurize a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as cracked-gasoline or diesel fuel.

Abstract: A drag-reducing polymer suspension is described, along with a method for manufacturing the drag-reducing polymer suspension. The drag-reducing suspension is easily transportable, non-hazardous, and easily handled. The drag-reducing suspension is manufactured by grinding an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer with a wax crystal modifier and suspending it in a suspending fluid.

Abstract: A sorbent composition is provided which can be used in the desulfurization of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as cracked gasoline or diesel fuel. The sorbent composition contains a support component and a promoter component with the promoter component being present as a skin on the support component. Such sorbent composition is prepared by a process of impregnating a support component with a promoter component, wherein the promoter component has been melted under a melting condition, followed by drying, calcining, and reducing to thereby provide the sorbent composition.

Abstract: A deactivated sorbent composition is reactivated by contacting the deactivated sorbent with a reducing stream under activation conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfates associated with the sorbent composition.

Abstract: While contacting under regeneration conditions an oxygen-containing stream with a sorbent comprising a promoter metal and zinc sulfide which has been sulfurized by contact with sulfur-containing hydrocarbons such as cracked-gasolines and diesel fuel, the oxygen partial pressure is controlled in a range of 0.5 to 2.0 psig to minimize sulfation of the sorbent.

Abstract: During the regeneration of a sulfurized sorbent comprising zinc aluminate, a promoter metal and zinc sulfide by contact with an oxygen-containing stream to convert at least a portion of said zinc sulfide to zinc oxide the average sulfur dioxide partial pressure in the regeneration zone is controlled within the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 psig to minimize sulfation of the sorbent.

Abstract: Novel sorbent systems for the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline are provided which are comprised of a bimetallic promotor on a particulate support such as that formed of zinc oxide and an inorganic or organic carrier. Such bimetallic promotors are formed of at least two metals of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony and vanadium with the valence of same being reduced, preferably to zero. Processes for the production of such sorbents are provided wherein the sorbent is prepared from impregnated particulate supports or admixed to the support composite prior to particulation, drying, and calcination. Further disclosed is the use of such novel sorbents in the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline whereby there is achieved not only removal of sulfur but also an increase in the olefin retention in the desulfurized product. Such sorbents can also be utilized for the treatment of other sulfur-containing streams such as diesel fuels.

Abstract: Particulate sorbent compositions comprising a mixture of zinc oxide, silica, alumina and a substantially reduced valence cobalt are provided for the desulfurization of a feedstream of cracked-gasoline or diesel fuels in a desulfurization zone by a process which comprises the contacting of such feedstreams in a desulfurization zone followed by separation of the resulting low sulfur-containing stream and sulfurized-sorbent and thereafter regenerating and activating the separated sorbent before recycle of same to the desulfurization zone.

Abstract: Particulate sorbent compositions which are suitable for the removal of sulfur from streams of cracked-gasoline or diesel fuel are provided which have increased porosity, improved resistance to deactivation through the addition of a calcium compound selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, calcium silicate, calcium phosphate or calcium aluminate to the support system comprised of zinc oxide, silica and alumina having thereon a promotor wherein the promotor is metal, metal oxide or metal oxide precursor with the metal being selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin and vanadium or mixtures thereof and wherein the valence of such promotor has been substantially reduced to 2 or less. Process for the preparation such sorbent systems as well s the use of same for the desulfurization of cracked-gasolines and diesel fuels are also provided.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises preparing heterogeneous or homogeneous catalyst systems comprising cyclodisilizane complexes of Group IV metals wherein said metal is selected from consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium; and a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of methylaluminoxane and fluoro organic boron compounds and mixtures thereof. This invention also provides polymerization processes comprising contacting a mono-1-olefin, and optionally one or more higher alpha-olefins, in a reaction zone with cyclodisilizane complexes of Group IV metals catalyst systems and in the presence of a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of aluminoxane, fluoro organic boron compounds, and mixtures thereof are provided.

Abstract: Polymerization processes for ethylene and at least one mono-1-olefin comonomer having from about three to eight carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of a twice-aged catalyst system comprising chromium supported on a silica-titania support and a trialkylboron compound is provided. Novel ethylene copolymers also are produced.

Abstract: Polymerization processes for ethylene and at least one mono-1-olefin comonomer having from about three to eight carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of a catalyst system comprising chromium supported on a silica-titania support and a trialkylboron compound is provided. Novel ethylene copolymers also are produced.

Abstract: Novel catalyst systems which comprise 2-pyridine carboxaldimine nickel dihalide complexes can be used with an organoaluminum cocatalyst in slurry oligomerization or polymerization processes to oligomerize or polymerize mono-1-olefins and, optionally a higher alpha-olefin comonomer, to produce low molecular weight polymers or synthetic oils.