Abstract: Pliable vegetable proteins suitable for use as extenders or textured vegetable proteins in meat analogs are prepared by forming a homogeneous aqueous dispersion of water-soluble vegetable protein and edible plasticizers, drying and heat-denaturing the dispersion so as to form a friable mass and hydrating the mass with an aqueous acid to convert the hydrate to a pliable protein product. Illustrative product formulating ingredients include soy protein concentrates, polyols, triglycerides and lactic acid as an acidulant.

Abstract: Water-soluble protein hydrolyzates and high-amylose starches provide an improved whipping system for aerated confections such as nougats, grained marshmallow, etc. The total whipping agent and sweetening agent requirements may be sterilized and aerated to a specific gravity of 0.75 or less. The high-amylose starches and protein hydrolyzates are film-formers and provide a supportive matrix for the aerated confections. The aerated confection permits the use of a broad range of sweetening agents without necessarily relying upon crystallized sugars for textural properties. High, moisture-containing, aerated confections with improved stability against moisture-loss may be obtained by substituting crystallizable sugars (e.g. sucrose) with sweetening agents which have a higher degree of humectancy.

Abstract: Water-absorbent, starch copolymerizates are prepared by copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated starch with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain water-attractant groups or precursors of water-attractant groups. The water-absorbent starch copolymerizates may be easily prepared into the desired configuration for a particular end-use or combined with other substrates or carriers. The unpolymerized starch and monomers or precursors thereof may be applied or incorporated into a suitable carrier or substrate (e.g., cellulosic materials such as textiles, papers, etc.) and copolymerized in situ to provide a composite article of unitary construction with the water-absorbent starch copolymerizate permanently bonded or affixed thereto.

Abstract: Iron ions may be effectively used as a metal activator or co-metal activator in glucose isomerization when used in conjunction with thiol activators. The thiol activators are characterized as being able to cleave disulfide linkages and include reducing reagents such as water-soluble SO.sub.3.sup.= producing metal salts, ascorbic acid, thiocyanates, thioglycollates, etc. The thiol activator-iron ion activating system is especially effective when used in conjunction with at least one other metal ion activator such as magnesium, manganese or cobalt ions. Effective enzymatic glucose isomerization, without using cobalt ions, is achievable by a magnesium-iron-thiol activator-isomerase system.

Abstract: A method of producing French fried potatoes from dehydrated potato granules or flakes with a binder comprising an amylose starch component and a cold-water-dispersible starch or gum component. The dehydrated potatoes and binder are combined with water to produce a dough which is formed into a desired shape and deep fat fried to produce French fried potatoes.

Abstract: Preformed, homogeneous, non-linear starch copolymerizate articles may be prepared by copolymerizing a preformed, homogeneous mixture of water, ethylenically unsaturated starch and ethylenically unsaturated monomers to provide a labyrinth of copolymerized starch chains interconnected with each other by the copolymerized monomeric units. The invention is particularly suitable for preparing high-binder, aqueous coating compositions which may be applied to a variety of substrates and subsequently copolymerized with polymerization initiating systems. Improved water- and detergent-resistance may be obtained by incorporating film-forming additives, cross-linking reagents or polyunsaturated compounds into the copolymerizable starch composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to starch acrylamides containing polymerizable pendant acrylamide groups. The hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the starch can be altered or modified by the acrylamide groups or the type of starch chain. The starch acrylamides can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers as well as other cross-linking reagents to provide water-resistant, clear, flexible coatings or shaped articles. The hydrophilic starch acrylamide hydrolyzates herein readily disperse into water at a high solids level to provide low-viscosity pastes which may be used as a vehicle to prepare flexible, water-insoluble starch-based coatings. The starch acrylamides may be prepared by etherifying a starch with N-methylol acrylamides in the presence of an acid catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: Non-compacting, anhydrous dextrose conversion syrup product in particle form prepared by shearing and cooling a molten dextrose conversion syrup (preferably at 90-92% dry solids) to a temperature less than 200.degree. F., depositing and solidifying the fluid mass upon a supporting member to an anhydrous dextrose product, granulating the solidified product and drying the particles to less than 2% moisture. The anhydrous dextrose particles have unique properties and, if desired, may be used as a sugar or dextrose monohydrate replacement.

Abstract: Starch hydrolyzates having a desired degree of polymerization are prepared by hydrolyzing derivatized starch esters with amylase and thereafter saponifying the starch ester hydrolyzates to obtain a hydrolyzate product essentially free from substitution. Amylolysis and saccharide distribution of the resultant saponified hydrolyzates are effectively accomplished by pre-selecting a starch ester having the appropriate degree of ester substitution.

Abstract: The isomerase activity of a dry isomerase preparation (e.g., glucose isomerase) is enhanced by initially pretreating the isomerase in an aqueous solution which contains an activating amount of a metal ion activator and/or a thiol generating reducing agent and/or a monosaccharide which the isomerase is capable of isomerizing. Pretreatment temperature and time periods are most suitably conducted in such a manner so as to minimize isomerase deactivation. The pretreatment increases total isomerase activity and thereby renders it more effective for use in an isomerization process (e.g., glucose isomerization).

Abstract: Mother liquors obtained from a dextrose crystallization process may be upgraded for re-cycling to dextrose crystallizers by transferring the mother liquor through a bed of an adsorption agent which preferentially adsorbs either dextrose or oligosaccharides. A dextrose-rich portion of the mother liquor is then recovered from either the dextrose-rich fraction which passes through the bed or has been preferentially adsorbed and eluted from the bed with a solvent.

Abstract: A method of producing French fried potatoes from dehydrated potato granules or flakes with a binder comprising an amylose starch component and a cold-water-dispersible starch or gum component. The dehydrated potatoes and binder are combined with water to produce a dough which is formed into a desired shape and deep fat fried to produce French fried potatoes.

Abstract: Half-ester reaction products possessing unique adhesive properties are obtained by reacting maleated alpha-olefins with hydrocarbylpolyoxyalkylenealkanols. The half-ester in combination with other thermoplastic materials provide improved hot-melt formulations. Paper stocks contaminated with these hot-melt formulations can be recycled into a high grade paper pulp by conventional alkaline repulping processes. The half-ester products are also useful as a solvent in thermoplastic polymerization processes.

Abstract: Improved pullulanase yields are achieved by incubating culture mediums containing pullulanase producing mutants of the Klebsiella genus. The mutants generally produce approximately equivalent amounts of extracellular and superficially bound pullulanase in an easily recoverable and usable form. Optimum pullulanase production is achieved when amylopectin is used as the sole carbohydrate source. Conventional pullulanase inducers such as maltose, maltotriose and/or pullulan repress the mutant strains capacity to produce pullulanase. The mutants are capable of elaborating pullulanase in a culture media containing dextrose as the sole carbohydrate source.

Abstract: Starch batters which can be applied to food pieces (e.g., chicken), breaded, frozen and subsequently fried into a high-quality, fried, breaded product are obtained by employing a novel batter starch system. The batter starches are comprised of ungelatinized, cold-water swelling starches and starch granules having a gelation point above 125.degree.F. The starch batters are formulated in aqueous mediums (e.g., below 120.degree.F.) to provide a batter system containing unswollen starch granules uniformly dispersed within an adhesive matrix of highly swollen, non-birefringent, hydrated starch granules.

Abstract: There is provided an enzymatic process for interconverting aqueous solutions of dextrose and fructose with newly discovered glucose isomerases. The glucose isomerases are obtained from cultures of Flavobacterium devorans NRRL B-5384, Flavorbacterium devorans ATCC 10829, Brevibacterium incertum NRRL B-5383 and Streptomyces phaeochromogenes ATCC 15486.

Abstract: The invention provides a high-solids, low-viscosity, aqueous vehicle particularly adapted for use in coating cellulosic substrates under ambient conditions. The vehicle comprises a water-soluble oil with minute styrene polymer particles uniformly dispersed therein. The water-soluble oil portion comprises the reaction product of a dibasic acid or dibasic anhydride and a drying oil which is neutralized with a nitrogen base. The aqueous vehicle is especially useful in high solids, ink formulations having a high pigment to binder ratio.

Abstract: This invention provides a high-solids, low-viscosity, aqueous vehicle particularly adapted for use in coating cellulosic substrates under ambient conditions. The vehicle comprises a water-soluble oil with minute styrene polymer particles uniformly dispersed therein. The water-soluble oil portion comprises the reaction product of a dibasic acid or a dibasic anhydride and a drying oil which is then reacted to provide the water-soluble salt thereof with a nitrogen base. The aqueous vehicle is especially useful in high solids inks and overprint varnishes.

Abstract: The invention encompasses intermediate, starch-containing products in which the starch thickening capacity is inhibited by an aqueous dispersant system. These intermediate products can be readily converted into a starch thickened end-product by combining the intermediate product with additives which dissipate the inhibitory effect of the aqueous dispersant. The intermediate products may be provided as a concentrate which contains cold-water swelling starch granules suspended in an aqueous media adapted to effectively maintain the starch granules in an unswollen form. The intermediate products may be suitably formulated with all the desired recipe ingredients except the amount of water needed to convert it into a starch thickened end-product.