Abstract: Apparatus for receiving light containing image-representative information, and low-pass filtering the light. A pellicle is positioned in the path of the light. At least one transducer is coupled with the pellicle and an AC electrical signal is applied to the transducer to establish waves in the pellicle. The waves are operative to low-pass filter the image-representative information in light reflected from the pellicle.

Abstract: A method for encoding an image-representative signal, including the following steps: for shapes of the image, applying a transform to a segment of pixels of the shape to obtain a low pass transform component and a high pass transform component; and for segments with an odd number of pixels, including the odd pixel in the low pass transform component and excluding the odd pixel from the high pass transform component.

Abstract: A transducer array is disclosed for use in an ultrasonic scanner for imaging a brain in a skull. The transducer array includes: a flexible substrate that can conform to the shape of the skull; an array of transducers mounted on the substrate; a backing block mounted on the back of each transducer of the array; and circuitry for coupling electric signals to and from each transducer of the array.

Abstract: A method of communicating information between users of a communications system includes the following steps: generating a ring R, ideals P and Q in R, a set of coset representatives CQ for the ring R modulo the ideal Q, and a set of coset representatives Cp for the ring R modulo the ideal P; generating at least one public key element h1, . . . , hk in the ring R as a function of at least two private key elements ƒ1, . . . ƒn in R and the ideal Q of the first user; and transmitting from a first user to a second user a description of the ring R, the ideal Q, the ideal P, and the elements h1, . . . , hk in R; generating an element e in R as a function of the ideals P and Q, the public key elements h1, . . . , hk, a private message element m in R, and at least one private random element ø1, . . .

Abstract: A method for generating interlaced video signals representative of color images of a scene includes the following steps: deriving a progressively scanned luminance signal representative of the scene at a first frame rate; deriving interlaced scanned color component signals and a color-derived luminance component representative of the scene; high pass filtering and scan converting the luminance signal to obtain an interlaced detail luminance component; low pass filtering the interlaced color component signals and color-derived luminance component to obtain interlaced chrominance output signals and an interlaced low pass luminance component; and combining the detail luminance component and the low pass luminance component to obtain an interlaced luminance output signal.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for receiving an interlaced color video signal, and processing the signal to produce a progressively scanned video signal. An embodiment of the method of the invention includes the following steps: scan converting, by field combining and high pass filtering, the luminance component of the received signal, to obtain a progressively scanned high pass luminance component; deriving, from the luminance component of the received signal, a low pass luminance component; scan converting, by line rate conversion, to progressively scanned format, the chrominance components of the received signal and the low pass luminance component; and combining the progressively scanned low and high pass luminance components.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for depositing diamond film on a plurality of substrates, and includes: a plasma beam containing atomic hydrogen and a carbonaceous component, and a plurality of substrates, each of the substrates having a deposition surface, the substrates being arranged such that the beam impinges successively on a deposition surface of a first of the substrates and then on a deposition surface of a second of the substrates, the deposition surfaces of the first and second substrates being oriented with respect to each other at a non-zero angle.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for adaptive entropy coding and decoding of a stream of indices representative of information, including the following steps: establishing, at both an encoder and a decoder, respective coding tables to have codes corresponding to indices; finding, in the encoder table, codes corresponding to indices of the stream of indices, and sending the found codes to the decoder for recovery of the indices corresponding to the sent codes; determining an overall frequency of occurrence of individual indices in the stream of indices; determining a measure of how currently individual indices have occurred in the stream of indices; and adaptively modifying the encoder and decoder tables in accordance with the measure of how currently individual indices have occurred and the frequency of occurrence.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for displaying images represented by electronic image information, including the following steps: providing a light source; optically modulating light from the light source, the optical modulation utilizing a pixel pattern and a diffraction grating, the pixel pattern being modulated with the image information; providing a schlieren optical system for operating on the optically modulated light; and displaying an output of the schlieren optical system; the diffraction grating being provided with a grating spacing that differs from the pixel spacing of the pixel pattern by an odd multiple of half the grating spacing.

Abstract: The public key encryption system of the present invention has short and easily created encryption keys and wherein the encoding and decoding processes are performed extremely rapidly, and has low memory requirements. The encoding and decoding processes use both the addition and multiplication operations in a ring modulo with two different ideals. The cryptosystem of the present invention allows encryption keys to be chosen essentially at random from a large set of binary vectors, for which key lengths are comparable to the key lengths of the most widely used prior art cryptosystems. The present invention features an appropriate security level (.about.2.sup.80), with encoding and decoding processes ranging from approximately one to two orders of magnitude faster than the prior art, particularly the exponentiation cryptosystems.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing an image of the brain by ultrasonic scanning, wherein brain metabolism is measured and displayed by monitoring amplitudes of localized changes of intracranial interfaces uses a flexible array applied to the scalp overlying the skull to produce a superposed grey scale image representing static structures and a color-coded pattern representing motion information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for determining the properties of formations surrounding an earth borehole that have been invaded by borehole fluid to form an invaded zone.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods are disclosed in which the amount of p-type material can be minimized, with attendant advantages in electrical, thermal, and optical performance, and in fabrication. A form of the disclosure is directed to a generally planar semiconductor device wherein a layer of p-type semiconductor material is disposed over a layer of n-type semiconductor material, and an electric potential is coupled between the p-type layer and the n-type layer, and wherein current in the device that is lateral to the plane of the layers is coupled into the p-type layer. A tunnel junction is adjacent the p-type layer for converting the lateral current into hole current. In an embodiment of this form of the disclosure, the tunnel junction is an n+/p+ junction oriented with the p+ portion thereof adjacent the p-type layer. The lateral current can be electron current in the n+ layer and/or electron current in a further layer of n-type material disposed over the tunnel junction.

Abstract: A well logging method and apparatus are disclosed for determining borehole corrected formation resistivity, borehole diameter, and downhole borehole fluid (mud) resistivity with improved accuracy. A logging device in the borehole transmits electromagnetic energy from a transmitter, which energy is received at receivers on the logging device. The phase and amplitude of the received energy are measured at the receivers and a phase shift, phase average, and attenuation are associated with the transmitter-to-receivers spacing. The process is then repeated for a plurality of further transmitters having different spacings from the receivers. A formation and borehole model having model values of borehole corrected formation resistivity, borehole diameter, and borehole fluid resistivity is generated.

Abstract: A method for producing a diamond film is disclosed, which comprises the steps of providing a substrate having a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa; applying a coating material comprising a glass-forming oxide binder and diamond grit to the substrate; and depositing said diamond film on said coating by CVD.

Abstract: A method of forming a native oxide from an aluminum-bearing Group III-V semiconductor material is provided. The method entails exposing the aluminum-bearing Group III-V semiconductor material to a water-containing environment and a temperature of at least about 375 C to convert at least a portion of said aluminum-bearing material to a native oxide characterized in that the thickness of said native oxide is substantially the same as or less than the thickness of that portion of said aluminum-bearing Group III-V semiconductor material thus converted. The native oxide thus formed has particular utility in electrical and optoelectrical devices, such as lasers.

Abstract: A composite synchronization extraction circuit is particularly suited for receiving composite video signals containing closed captioning data in raster scan line 21 by means of a signal CMOS integrated circuit device. A dual mode voltage clamp is realized in CMOS technology. The clamp includes temperature compensated current sources in the form of complementary current mirrors through which a clamped composite synchronization node of is charged and discharged, the output of which controls a transistor for charging the composite synchronization node. Detected pulse amplitude is set by slicing the incoming pulse at the back porch level and then doubling the amplitude with an amplifier and comparing that level with the back porch level as derived from a sample-and-hold device. The slice voltage level is maintained without an off-chip capacitor by an analog-digital-analog conversion process.

Abstract: A substrate (1) has a surface covered with an insulation layer (2), on which an active layer (3') made of non-single crystal silicon through thin film technique is provided. A gate electrode layer (5') is partially provided on said active layer through a gate insulation layer (4). Said active layer (3') is subject to injection of P-type or N-type impurities to provide an image sensor of MOS structure. Bias potential is applied to a gate electrode so that a circuit between a source and a drain is in an On state, so that input light through said substrate or said gate electrode is applied to said active layer, and electrical output depending upon said input light is obtained from said source electrode or said drain electrode. Other MOS transistors for switching element and/or shift registers for operating said image sensor are provided on said substrate (1).

Abstract: A technique for encoding and decoding an image includes the following steps: subsampling the image to obtain a number of subsampled frames of spatially offset image-representative signals; transforming each of the subsampled frames to obtain a corresponding number of frames of transform coefficient-representative signals; forming vector-representative signals from corresponding coefficient-representative signals of the respective frames of coefficient-representative signals; performing a thresholding operation on the vector-representative signals to obtain thresholded vector-representative signals; vector quantizing the thresholded vector-representative signals to obtain encoded signals; storing the encoded signals; and decoding the encoded signals to obtain a recovered version of the image.

Abstract: A method for making a wear component that includes providing a base surface, producing a synthetic diamond film by plasma jet CVD having at least a particular equivalent strain, and applying the diamond film to the base surface.