Abstract: It has been found that in addition to acting as an auxiliary blowing agent, various salts of formic acid may be used to tailor the reactivity characteristics of rigid, polyurethane foam formulation. Salts of particular interest are: ammonium formate, sodium formate, and potassium formate. By varying amounts and combinations of the above salts, characteristics of a formulation's reactivity such as cream time, gel time, rise time, and tack-free time may be manipulated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low density, water-blown, rigid foams with good physical properties made with blends of toluenediamine (TDA)/glycerine initiated polyols. The foams made using these blends exhibit no initial surface friability. Further, it was found that specific blends of lower hydroxyl number polyols could be used, thereby reducing isocyanate consumption without affecting the physical properties of the foam.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene polyols initiated with melamine and coinitiated with toluene diamine and oxyalkylated with one or more alkylene oxides have relatively low viscosity and are suitable for preparing polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to energy absorbing, water blown, rigid polyurethane foams. The foams of the present invention are low density, predominantly open-celled foams which exhibit a relatively constant consistency of compressive strength over deflection. Such foams are suitable as light weight alternatives in traditional energy absorbing applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to low density cellular, rigid polyurethanes which employ the dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and mixtures thereof in conjunction with nonylphenol as cell-opening agents. The use of this ester phenol mixture obviates the need of other surfactants, particularly silicone surfactants which reduce the adhesion of the urethanes to fabrics in pour-behind-fabric applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water blown integral skin polyurethane foams. These foams are prepared using a diphenylmethane diisocyanate:polytetrahydrofuran prepolymer. The polyurethane foams prepared with this prepolymer exhibit improved abrasion resistance and cold flex characteristics when compared to water blown integral skin foams prepared without the prepolymer. These foams are suitable for use in shoe sole applications.

Abstract: A method for preparing graft polymer dispersions having broad particle size distribution without wildly fluctuating viscosities is disclosed. The method comprises:(a) preparing intermediate graft polyol dispersions containing 30 percent by weight or less solids to achieve a broad distribution of partial sizes in a continuous process and(b) charging the intermediate graft polymer dispersion of (a) to a semi-batch reactor as seeds for further grafting to increase the solids content of the dispersion to above 30 percent by weight. The graft polymer so formed is useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to energy absorbing, water blown, rigid polyurethane foams. The foams of the present invention are low density, predominantly open-celled foams which exhibit a relatively constant consistency of compressive strength over deflection. Such foams are suitable as light weight alternatives in traditional energy absorbing applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to integral skin foams prepared without using halogenated hydrocarbons as blowing agents. The foams of the present invention are prepared using water and volatile silicone fluids as co-blowing agents. Useful silicone agents have boiling points at on below 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates (crude MDI) having a reduced iodine color number are prepared by reacting the corresponding mixtures of diphenylmethanediamines and polyphenylpolymethylene-polyamines with phosgene in the presence of one or more inert organic solvents at elevated temperatures by a process in which low molecular weight alkanols, polyhydric alcohols, preferably dihydric to octahydric alcohols having a molecular weight of from 60 to 350, or mixtures thereof are incorporated in an effective amount, advantageously in an amount of from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of crude MDI, into the reaction mixture after the end of the phosgenation, the phosgene and the inert organic solvent are then separated off, from 0 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of crude MDI, of one or more phenol-based antioxidants and/or aryl phosphite are added to the reaction product, and the reaction mixture is subjected to a thermal treatment.

Abstract: Mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates (crude MDI) of reduced iodine color number are prepared by reacting the corresponding mixtures of diphenylmethanediamines and polyphenylpolymethylenepolyamines with phosgene in the presence of at least one inert organic solvent at elevated temperature, at least one monohydric or polyhydric polyoxyalkylene alcohol, preferably having a functionality of from 2 to 3, and advantageously having a hydroxyl number of from 20 to 1800, or mixtures thereof in an effective amount, expediently in an amount of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the crude MDI, being introduced into the reaction mixture when the phosgenation is complete, the phosgene and the inert organic solvent then being removed, up to 5% by weight, based on the weight of crude MDI, of at least one phenol-based antioxidant and/or aryl phosphite being added, if desired to the reaction product, and the reaction mixture being heated.

Abstract: The invention relates to water blown, low density, energy absorbing rigid polyurethane foam articles which exhibit minimal springback or hysteresis characteristics. The articles produced from the foams of the present invention maintain a constant crush strength of material up to about 70% deflection and are useful in appropriate automotive applications such as side impact bolsters.

Abstract: A process for the production of cellular plastics by the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, by reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and, if desired,c) a low-molecular-weight chain extender and/or crosslinking agent,in the presence ofd) a blowing agente) a catalyst andf) assistants and/or additives,wherein the blowing agent (d) usedd1) a low-boiling, fluorinated or perfluorinated tertiary alkylamine, ora mixture of (d1) and at least one physical or chemical blowing agent (d2) which is different from (d1), and blowing agent-containing emulsions comprising the abovementioned blowing agent (d1) or a blowing agent mixture of (d1) and (d2) and the starting components (a), (b), (c) or (b) and (c).

Abstract: The invention relates to energy absorbing, water blown, rigid polyurethane foams. The foams of the present invention are low density, predominantly open celled foams which exhibit a relatively constant consistency of compressive strength over deflection. Such foams are suitable as light weight alternatives in traditional energy absorbing applications.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hard foam containing urethane groups or containing urethane and isocyanurate groups involves reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms and, if desired,c) a low-molecular-weight chain extender and/or cross-linking agent,in the presence ofd) a blowing agent,e) a catalyst and, if desired,f) assistants and/or additives,where the blowing agent (d) used is at least one organic carboxylic acid, preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, alone or in combination with water and/or a physical blowing agent, and the catalyst (e) used is a polyisocyanurate catalyst, preferably an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid or tris(dialkylaminoalkyl)-s-hexahydrotriazine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved essentially closed cell polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of at least one polyol with at least one isocyanate, in the presence of water to provide a carbon dioxide blowing agent, the improvement comprising said reaction being effected in the presence of a catalyst system consisting essentially of N,N,N',N", N"-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine and triethylene diamine in order to provide a polyurethane foam characterized by enhanced shrinkage resistance. Also claimed is a process for producing this foam.

Abstract: The invention relates to urethane polymers exhibiting excellent heat transfer properties. Specifically these polymers are used as adhesives for the purpose of adhering cooling/condensing tubes to metal panels for the manufacture of freezer and refrigerator cabinets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of uretdione group containing polyisocyanates comprising reacting monomeric aromatic diisocyanates in the presence of 1,2-dimethylimidazole used as a catalyst in an inert organic solvent whereby the weight ratio of solvent to diisocyanate lies in a range of from 0.1:1 to 2:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to energy absorbing, water blown, rigid polyurethane foams. The foams of the present invention are low density, predominantly open celled foams which exhibit a relatively constant consistency of compressive strength over deflection. Such foams are suitable as light weight alternatives in traditional energy absorbing applications.

Abstract: A process for preparing a flexible, low density, integral skin polyurethane foam wherein water is used as the sole blowing and density controlling agent. The process entails reacting an isocyanate component with a compound containing isocyanate reactive groups and further containing ether linkages, a polyurethane promoting catalyst, an alcohol, a surfactant, a chain extender and optional additives. The reaction is carried out at molded densities of from 15 pcf to 30 pcf in molds preheated to about 90.degree. F. to about 130.degree. F.