Abstract: A substrate (10, 80) includes a conductive layer (16, 82) which is non-wettable by solder. A solder receiving stud (22, 84) is formed on the conductive layer, preferably by plating. If used for transferring solder, a solder bump (32) is selectively formed on the solder receiving stud since the surrounding conductive layer is not wettable by the solder. A receiving substrate, such as a semiconductor device (100), is aligned with the substrate. The solder bump is heated to a liquidus state and the solder bump makes physical contact with a solder accepting stud (120) of the receiving substrate. Because the area of the solder accepting stud is larger than the area of the corresponding stud on the transfer substrate, the majority of the solder will transfer to the receiving substrate upon separation. Alternatively, the device could itself already have bumps formed thereon, in which case an unbumped substrate is used to test the device, and solder remains on the device upon separation.

Abstract: The invention provides a design process that is used in the determination of the pattern of detector and illumination optical fibers at the sampling area of a subject. Information about the system, specifically a monochromator (e.g. to determine the optimal number of fibers at an output slit) and the bundle termination at a detector optics stack (e.g. to determine the optimal number of fibers at the bundle termination), is of critical importance to this design. It is those numbers that determine the ratio and number of illumination to detection fibers, significantly limiting and constraining the solution space. Additional information about the estimated signal and noise in the skin is necessary to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in the wavelength range of interest. Constraining the fibers to a hexagonal perimeter and prescribing a hex-packed pattern, such that alternating columns contain illumination and detection fibers, yields optimal results.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treatment for body structures, especially internal body structures involving disorders involving unwanted features or other disorders, that does not require relatively invasive surgery, and is not subject to other drawbacks noted with regard to the known art. A relatively minimally invasive catheter is inserted into the body, treatment of the body structures is applied using the catheter, and the unwanted features or disorders are relatively cured using the applied treatments. The applied treatments can include application of energy or substances, including application of energy (such as of radio frequency energy, microwave energy, or laser or other electromagnetic energy) or substances (such as collagen or other bulking, plumping, or shaping agents; saline or other energy-receiving electrolytes; astringents or other debulking, reducing, or shaping agents; antibiotics or other bioactive, chemoactive, or radioactive compounds).

Abstract: A boot and binding assembly is arranged for use with a ski. The boot has a toe portion, a flexible sole and a heel portion. A rigid interconnect member is mounted to the toe portion underneath the sole of the boot. The binding includes a toe piece, a latch assembly, raised portions and a release mechanism. During use, the toe portion mates with the toe piece on the ski while one end of the interconnect member releasably mates with a latch assembly on the ski. When the interconnect member is secured to the ski by the latch, a skier can lift the heel portion away from the ski by flexing the sole. This enables a skier to execute cross-country and telemark style skiing manoeuvres. The latch assembly may include a pivoting member which holds the rearward end of the interconnect member. The toe portion preferably has lateral edges for facilitating securement beneath the toe piece. Preferably, a cord and handle assembly is provided as the release mechanism to facilitate disengagement of the boot from the binding.

Abstract: A device for detecting X-radiation comprises a scintillator for converting X-radiation impinging thereon into light, a detecting device for detecting the light produced by the scintillator, and a fibre optic system for feeding the light produced by the scintillator to the detecting device. The device for detecting X-radiation is additionally provided with a heating means for heating at least one section of the fibre optic system to a predetermined temperature while the X-radiation is being detected.

Abstract: An in vivo, non-invasive method of tissue classification using near-IR (NIR) spectral measurements. A classification model is based on NIR spectral absorbance measurements from an exemplary population. Spectral features representing variation between tissue types are identified. Analytic techniques enhance the features of interest and correct spectral interference to improve the predictive ability of the classification model. A classification routine defines classes based on variation between tissue types, such that variation within a class is small compared to variation between classes. A decision rule assigns individual samples from the exemplary population to classes. An in-vivo, non-invasive procedure applies the classification model to individual tissue samples. A preferred embodiment of the invention distinguishes transgenic mice from non-transgenic individuals based on variation in fat composition within muscle tissue.

Abstract: A network of point of presence servers sharing a hostname includes a first network probe server configured to determine traffic loads of a plurality of customer web servers, and configured to determine latency of web cache servers in the network of point of presence servers, each of the customer web servers storing a web page, a first domain name server coupled to the first network probe server, configured to receive a request from a user for the web page at a first web address, the first web address including the hostname, configured to determine a customer web server from the plurality of customer web servers that is appropriate for the request, the customer web server having a traffic load lower than traffic loads of remaining customer web servers from the plurality of customer web servers, configured to determine an IP address of the customer web server, configured to return the IP address of the customer web server, configured to receive a request from the user for static content on the web page at a sec

Abstract: The invention provides index performance alerts by sector. The index alerts are based on price performance measures of each industry, sector, sub-sector, or group (referred to collectively as “sector” herein.) Users are able to define limits for the industry, sector, sub-sector, or group categories for alerts on price, volume, intraday range, current closing price relative to the intraday range, price to revenues, price to earnings, price to book value, and price to cash flow. Users have the ability to define at least one area in a hierarchy of industry, sector, sub-sector, or group levels, for setting alerts. Users also can request tickers of individual companies. The invention also provides news alerts for a user selected hierarchy level and/or an individual ticker symbol. Users are alerted when a news story, linked to a user-specified group or ticker, is created.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method and system for presenting color television signals. Television signal chrominance values for foreground elements are adjusted in response to television signal chrominance values for background elements, so as to minimize display artifacts while preserving the relative color contrast between foreground and background. (1) The invention modifies I and Q values of the foreground color to reduce the difference of the foreground I and Q with respect to the background I and Q. (2) The invention modifies Y, I and Q values of the foreground color to avoid colors known to display poorly for selected output devices. (3) The invention modifies Y values of the foreground color to maintain intended visual contrast between foreground and background colors. (4) The invention modifies Y, I and Q values of the foreground color to decrease cross-luminance separation artifacts at the border between foreground and background colors.

Abstract: Name Type Value Storage (“NTV”) provides a very flexible technique for storing data for use in the Internet and in World Wide Web based applications. NTV provides a list of values or names, referred to as triplets, that is used to identify a correspondence. In the triplet, NTV provides both an identifier and a name of a type, where a type can be one of several things, e.g. a type can be an integer, a floating point number, a string, an array of any of those values, or an another NTV object. A third part of the triplet is the actual value itself, which is stored in its native type.

Abstract: Two time budgeting techniques are provided that are suitable for early and late integrated circuit design phases, respectively. During the early design phase, both the positive and negative slack paths are time budgeted, such that a positive slack path cannot become a negative slack path after budget generation. If all the budget constraints are met by resynthesis for all circuit modules, then the technique guarantees that the final design, when assembled, meets all time constraints. During the late design phase, convergence is guaranteed. Further, synthesis runs for sub-modules focus initially on the worst critical path.

Abstract: A search engine provides intelligent multi-dimensional searches, in which the search engine always presents a complete, holistic result, and in which the search engine presents knowledge (i.e. linked facts) and not just information (i.e. facts). The search engine is adaptive, such that the search results improve over time as the system learns about the user and develops a user profile. Thus, the search engine is self personalizing, i.e. it collects and analyzes the user history, and/or it has the user react to solutions and learns from such user reactions. The search engine generates profiles, e.g. it learns from all searches of all users and combines the user profiles and patterns of similar users. The search engine accepts direct user feedback to improve the next search iteration One feature of the invention is locking/unlocking, where a user may select specific attributes that are to remain locked while the search engine matches these locked attributes to all unlocked attributes.

Abstract: An optical detector has at least one image sensor element that generates an image sensor element output signal according to the illumination incident on the element. A readout amplifier for the one or each image sensor element is switchable between a plurality of amplification stages for amplifying the respective image sensor element output signal. An amplification switch is provided for comparing the image sensor element output signal with at least one given threshold value before the signal is amplified by the readout amplifier and for switching between the amplification stages of the readout amplifier depending on the result of the comparison. The optical detector has a first output signal indicating the amplified image sensor element output signal and a second output signal indicating the amplification stage to which the amplifier is switched.

Abstract: A radio frequency device for use on a human to resurface skin having collagen therein. The device includes a handle member having an end portion adapted for engaging the skin. At least one passageway extends through the handle member to an opening at the end portion. An electrically conductive liquid is supplied through the passageway to the opening. An electrode is carried by the end portion in communication with the passageway. Radio frequency energy supplied to the electrode causes the collagen in the skin to contract and thus tighten the skin.

Abstract: A self-test electronic assembly performs self-testing, such as diagnostic or run-in testing of components and circuits, based upon internally stored test procedures. The results of self-testing are stored internally to the device, providing valuable information regarding the self-test electronic assembly, both during the manufacturing process, and preferably for ongoing in-situ operation. A test system is preferably linked to one or more self-test electronic assemblies, and provides loopback circuitry for each installed self-test electronic assembly, whereby the self-test electronic assemblies can further test components, circuitry, and security encoding and decoding operation. The preferred test rack also provides efficient and consistent monitoring and quality control over the self-testing of self-test electronic assemblies.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method and system for secure down-loading, recovery, and upgrading of data. A client device receives information from a server device using a reliable software modules stored in permanent memory in the client device. The reliable software modules perform software and data integrity tests, and locate and retrieve data for recovery or upgrade of the client device. The client device confirms the trustworthiness of the received information device by comparing digital signatures or digests for the information it receives with known digital certificates in the reliable software module.

Abstract: A trusted agent server provides a networked application that assists a customer in managing their online commercial affairs. A user contacts the server using a network access device, such as a browser on a personal computer. The trusted agent client component augments the user's network access device to perform business transactions on behalf of the user. The user controls these transactions through the trusted agent server. A trusted agent service is a trusted agent client component application which operates in conjunction with the trusted agent server. The trusted agent service is an Internet-based mechanism that makes single-click buying available on any commercial Web site. The trusted agent also provides customers with access to personal and credit card information used during single-click transactions, smart receipts used for ongoing customer support, merchant and product preference settings, and direct response product offerings keyed to these preferences.

Abstract: A word wise search is performed on an MPEG-2 stream. For every word, the invention finds word-aligned patterns of 0×00 0×00 or 0×00 0×01. The algorithm applied by the invention examines the input stream buffer for the first word aligned 0 in which further testing determines is the first byte of a valid start code, and sets the sub-buffer defined by the start of the search to the location of this discovered start-code as the zero-word reach. A second search is performed in the same part of the input stream buffer, this time looking for word aligned 1's (i.e. byte pattern 0×00 0×01). For each word aligned 1 that is a start code, an entry is made into a start code list. When all of these have been found, the offset of the start code ending the current zero-word reach is added to the list of start-code offsets. This process is repeated from the 0 word reach until the end of the buffer is encountered.