Abstract: In an ultrafiltration of a liquid having a starting solids concentration, in which the liquid is pumped through a filtration circuit including at least one membrane filter, and the loss of liquid resulting from the continuous extraction of filtrate from the filtration circuit is compensated for by feeding unfiltered liquid into the filtration circuit from a separate concentrate container which is connected with the filtration circuit by a feedline and a return line for flow of liquid to and from the filtration circuit, the liquid in the filtration circuit is periodically and repeatedly supplemented by additions of fresh unfiltered liquid taken from a reservoir having the starting solids concentration so as to repeatedly bring the solids concentration in the filtration circuit closer to the starting concentration.

Abstract: The invention provides a solar concentrator plate doped with a dye selected from the group consisting of GF Orange-Red, Fluorol 555, oxazine-4-perchlorate, LDS 730, LDS 750, BASF 241, BASF 339, and combinations thereof with each other or with GF Clear with 3-phenyl-fluoranthene.

Abstract: Control circuitry for a self-synchronously driven step motor under closed loop control includes, for determining the rotor position, a technologically simplified back EMF waveform detector circuit which includes fewer than five operational amplifiers, and preferably only one operational amplifier, and which delivers, for each motor phase, a back EMF signal and the negative thereof. Use can be made of these signals individually or in various combinations, with the aid of a back EMF selector arrangement and an adder connected thereto, for controlling the stator field. By sum and difference formation of back EMF signals by the adder and by assigning such signals each to a respective energization state of the motor phases, the rotor can be moved by half-steps as well as full-steps, to provide a finer degree of control.

Abstract: A novel method of restoring posterior teeth such as molars affected by interproximal decay includes drilling the affected tooth, on the side thereof on which the decay is located, essentially horizontally from the buccal to the lingual surface on a line intersecting the site of the decay to form a specially configured groove, scraping the groove clean with a spoon excavator, spreading the two proximate teeth with a separator, inserting a matrix strip between the teeth and anchoring it in place so that it closely overlies the groove, and injecting a dental composite into the groove through an aperture in the matrix. A supply of matrix strips and sets of specially constructed excavators and separators constitute components of a kit of armamentarium for practicing the method. This abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention, however, the full nature and extent of the invention being discernible only by reference to and from the entire disclosure.

Abstract: A railway track maintenance system for grinding the heads of rail track rails. The system includes a master microprocessor which controls a plurality of individual slave microprocessors controlling a plurality of grinding heads positioned under a series of railway vehicles. The grinding heads are individually adjustable in angular position and grinding pressure. The pattern of the grinding heads can be changed sequentially while the train is moving at grinding speed. The grinding heads can also be sequentially lifted and then lowered to grinding position for obstacle clearance while the train is moving at grinding speed.

Abstract: To position an electrical insulator, having first and second ends at which are first and second sideways-projecting lugs, so that a part of the insulator lies on the upper face of a rail flange, another part of the insulator lies between the rail flange and a neighboring upward projection, and the upward projection lies partly between the lugs, the insulator is held in an inclined position by gripping its upper end between two clamping parts and moved with a component of motion parallel to the rail until the lower lug catches on the upward projection. Continued movement of the clamping parts cannot be followed by the insulator, which changes its orientation and prises the clamping parts apart. They release it and the higher end of the insulator descends, possibly as a consequence of force exerted on it by a clip. The clamping parts may be mounted on a magazine containing rail clips.

Abstract: An insulating device comprising an electrically insulating member and a metallic reinforcing member is to electrically insulate a flange-footed railway rail from a rail clip, which bears downwardly upon the upper surface of the rail flange, and from an anchorage for the clip, this anchorage being at one side of the rail flange. A first portion of the insulating member, which is to lie on the rail flange, is surmounted by an elongate portion, having a flat bottom, of the reinforcing member and a second portion of the insulating member is to be between the edge of the rail flange and the anchorage. The reinforcing member has at least one reinforcing rib extending along and upwardly from the elongate portion and it has two sideways projections which are to extend on opposite sides of the anchorage to prevent the reinforcing member moving along the rail. No part of the reinforcing member is below the plane containing the flat bottom of the elongate portion.

Abstract: An all-TEFLON filter-degasser for removing solids and gases from a solvent. The filter-degasser has a filtering portion, a vacuum application portion downstream of the filtering portion, and a solvent bottle connecting portion. The vacuum application portion includes an externally tapered male member, and the solvent bottle connecting portion includes an internally identically tapered female member. The male member can be inserted into and withdrawn from the female member without requiring any relative rotation therebetween, so that the filter-degasser can be connected hermetically airtight to the solvent bottle likewise without any rotation being required therebetween. This abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention, however, the full nature and extent of the invention being discernible only by reference to and from the entire disclosure.

Abstract: A machine for embossing comprises a pair of co-operating rollers parallel to but spaced from one another, and two pairs of pinch rollers also parallel to and spaced from one another, one pair of pinch rollers being effective to firmly grip a workpiece before it enters the embossing zone. One set of pinch rollers is located at each respective side of the embossing rollers, and a retractor coupling the upper roller of each said set to the machine frame, arranged in one mode to firmly grip the workpiece and in another mode to be clear of the workpiece. This arrangement enables the rolling machine to operate in two directions.

Abstract: The subject invention is an air cooled ice rink construction in which the means for cooling the slab of the ice rink is separated from the ground under the slab by a region accessible to air external to the ice rink enclosure. The means for cooling the slab of the ice rink may be a circulating flow of mechanically-cooled air or, if the air external to the ice rink enclosure is sufficiently cool, it may be a circulating flow of such external air. The ice rinks constructed according to the subject invention may be operated at significantly lower operating costs than conventional ice rinks.

Abstract: To hold a railway rail down on a support member, a device is employed having a first part driven into a vertical hole in the support member, a second part having a sideways projection, part of which lies vertically below a part of the support member, to one side of the bottom of the hole, and third, fourth and fifth parts forming an arch above the support member. A fulcrum portion of the first part co-operates with the wall of the hole during the driving operation to form a pivot about which said device rocks to cause the above-mentioned part of the projection to come under the above-mentioned part of the support member. From the lower extremity of the fifth part, i.e. the side of the arch which is further from the first part of the device, there extend sixth and seventh parts of the device, the sixth part sideways and the seventh part downwardly.

Abstract: A sorter for grains, pulses and the like having a perforated sorting plate mounted on a frame and both longitudinally and laterally inclined with respect to the horizontal plane and adapted to be vibrated in the longitudinal direction while being intermittently lifted toward the upper side. The perforated sorting plate overlies an air chamber into which pressurized air is introduced by a blower through an air duct. The perforated sorting plate is provided with a corrugated upper surface to define a multiplicity of ribs oriented in the direction perpendicular to the direction of vibration of the sorting plate and in parallel rows at a pitch not less than the size of the material to be sorted. A set of discharge openings for receiving the sorted material is provided at the lower end of the perforated sorting plate where the ribs terminate.

Abstract: A ceramic body having a metallized layer which comprises a ceramic substrate and a metallized layer fired on the substrate to be integrated or further comprises a conductive layer consisting of a noble metal or noble metal alloy to be joined onto the metallized layer, the composition of the metallized layer being one or more of a silicide of transition metals belonging to Groups V and VI of periodic table; one or more of a boride of lanthanum and a boride of transition metals belonging to Groups IV, V and VI of periodic table; or a high melting point metal or alloy unmelted at a firing temperature of the ceramic substrate and containing, based on 100 parts by weight of the metal or alloy, 0.5-25 parts by weight of niobium, 0.5-10 parts by weight of yttrium, 0.5-10 parts by weight of tantalum, 0.5-25 parts by weight of mixture of niobium and yttrium, 0.5-25 parts by weight of mixture of yttrium and tantalum, 0.5-25 parts by weight of mixture of niobium and tantalum, 0.

Abstract: There is provided a high efficiency, medium output gas turbine engine which comprises at most three compressor stages, including one centrifugal compressor stage, all mounted on a common shaft for compressing inlet air, a combustion chamber for burning fuel in mixture with the compressed air to provide hot gases, output-power generating means operated responsive to the hot gases, an axial compressor-turbine driven by the hot gases exiting from the combustion chamber for driving an axial compressor integral with the axial compressor-turbine and constituting the final compressor stage, and a heat exchanger intercalated between the integral axial compressor/axial compressor-turbine unit and the output-power generating means. The heat exchanger is arranged to transfer heat from the hot gases leaving the axial compressor-turbine to the compressed air leaving the axial compressor.

Abstract: A laminate useful in roofing and wall cladding applications is of two or more layers and comprises a decorative element 12, an optional strength giving element 16, a vapor barrier element 14 and an anti-wrinkle element 18. The latter is preferably a corrugated PVC sheet.

Abstract: A tunnel structure for interconnecting passenger compartments on an articulated vehicle includes pairs of cylindrical walls which overlap during steering movement of the vehicle. To seal between the cylindrical walls, a pair of inner walls is provided which include hinged flaps lying against the cylindrical wall. The flaps are hinged on an inclined axis to reduce clearance between the cylindrical walls and the side walls upon the vehicle negotiating vertical curves.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinegar with an acetic acid concentration of more than 12 grams per 100 milliliters of vinegar, by means of a single-stage submerged fermentation of alcohol-containing mashes in a series of successive fermentation periods. In each such period, a quantity of finished vinegar constituting between about 20% and less than 40% of the contents of the fermentation tank and having the requisite acetic acid concentration is extracted from the fermentation tank and replaced by a like quantity of fresh mash having an acetic acid concentration of up to 2 g/100 ml and an alcohol concentration of more than 10 volume percent, in such a manner that the starting concentrations in the tank for each of the successive fermentation periods are more than 9 g/100 ml but less than 13 g/100 ml acetic acid and correspondingly less than 4 vol. % but more than 2.5 vol. % alcohol. In a refinement of the process, a maximum hourly increase in acidity of between about 0.17 g/100 ml and about 0.

Abstract: A bassinet assembly having a trigger latch which is actuated only by acceleration acting on the restraint above a threshold level to release a bassinet and allow it to swing from its normal recumbent position to a position wherein it engages and is arrested by its base at such an angle that a child is still safely restrained in the case of an accident.

Abstract: A flexible bulk container assembled from a single length of material. The container comprises a base (5), first and second opposed side walls (6,7) each joined to the base and third and fourth opposed side walls each composed of two panel sections (8,9 and 10,11 respectively) joined along a vertical center seam, each third and fourth side wall being joined to the first and second side walls and to the base. Each side wall has two spaced parallel reinforcing bands (2,3) extending from the bottom to the top thereof, each band being extended above the top of the side wall into a connection section that connects with the closer reinforcing band of the adjacent side wall to form a lifting loop (12 to 14) over the respective corner of the container. Each connecting section is a continuous extension of the two reinforcing bands that it connects, so avoiding stitching of the lifting loops to the wall fabric.