Abstract: A strip specimen is cut from a unidirectional strong, brittle fiber composite material, and the surfaces of both ends of the specimen are grit-blasted. The specimen is then placed between metal load transfer members having grit-blasted surfaces. Sufficient compressive stress is applied to the load transfer members to prevent slippage during testing at both elevated temperatures and room temperatures.

Abstract: A base layer of an oxide dispersed, metallic alloy (cermet) is arc-plasma sprayed onto a substrate, such as a turbine blade, vane, or the like, which is subjected to high temperature use. A top layer of an oxidation, hot corrosion, erosion resistant alloy of nickel, cobalt, or iron is then arc-plasma sprayed onto the base layer. A heat treatment is used to improve the bonding. The base layer serves as an inhibitor to interdiffusion between the protective top layer and the substrate. Otherwise, the protective top layer would rapidly interact detrimentally with the substrate and degrade by spalling of the protective oxides formed on the outer surface at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A substrate, such as a turbine blade, vane, or the like, which is subjected to high temperature use is coated with a base coating of an oxide dispersed, metallic alloy (cermet). A top coating of an oxidation, hot corrosion, erosion resistant alloy of nickel, cobalt, or iron is then deposited on the base coating. A heat treatment is used to improve the bonding. The base coating serves as an inhibitor to interdiffusion between the protective top coating and the substrate. Otherwise, the protective top coating would rapidly interact detrimentally with the substrate and degrade by spalling of the protective oxides formed on the outer surface at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A nickel plaque which may be coated with a suitable metal or compound to make an electrode for a fuel cell or battery is fabricated by directing nickel sensitizer, catalyst and plating solutions through a porous plastic substrate in the order named and at prescribed temperatures and flow rates. A boride compound dissolved in the plating solution decreases the electrical resistance of the plaque. Certain substrates may require treatment in an alkali solution to dissolve filler materials thereby increasing porosity to a required 65%.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to join or fuse an upper plate having ink flow channels and a lower plate having a multicolored pattern, the joining being accomplished without clogging any ink flow paths.A pattern having different colored parts (11-14) and apertures is formed in a lower plate (10). Ink flow channels (111-114) each having respective ink input ports (211-214) are formed in an upper plate (11).The ink flow channels (111-114) are coated with solder mask and the bottom of the upper plate (11) is then coated with solder. The upper and lower plates are pressed together at from 2 to 5 psi and heated to a temperature of from 295.degree. F. to 750.degree. F. or enough to melt the solder.After the plates (10,11) have cooled and the pressure has been released, the solder mask is removed from the interior passageways by means of a liquid solvent.

Abstract: A carbon coating (36) is vacuum arc deposited on a smooth surface of a target (10) which is simultaneously ion beam sputtered. The bombarding ions have sufficient energy to create diamond bonds. Spalling occurs as the carbon deposit thickens. The resulting diamondlike carbon flakes (26) are mixed with a binder or matrix material (40) to form a composite material (42) having improved thermal, electrical, mechanical, and tribological properties when used in aerospace structures and components.

Abstract: Metal substrates, preferably of titanium and titanium alloys, are coated by alloying or forming TiN on a substrate surface. A laser beam strikes the surface of a moving substrate in the presence of purified nitrogen gas. A small area of the substrate surface is quickly heated without melting. This heated area reacts with the nitrogen to form a solid solution. The alloying or formation of TiN occurs by diffusion of nitrogen into the titanium. Only the surface layer of the substrate is heated because of the high power density of the laser beam and short exposure time. The bulk of the substrate is not affected, and melting of the substrate is avoided because it would be detrimental.

Abstract: The centricular catheter 10 of the present invention comprises a multiplicity of inlet microtubules 12. Each microtubule has both a large opening 16 at its inlet end and a multiplicity of microscopic openings 18 along its lateral surfaces.The microtubules are perforated by a new and novel ion beam sputter etch technique. The holes are etched in each microtubule by directing an ion beam 20 through an electro formed metal mesh mask 28 producing perforations having diameters ranging from about 14 microns to about 150 microns.This combination of a multiplicity of fluoropolymer microtubes, the numerous small holes provided in the lateral surfaces of the tubes, and the hydra-like distribution of the tubes provide a new and novel catheter. This structure assures a reliable means for shunting cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles to selected areas of the body.

Abstract: A fuel combustor consists of an elongated casing 16 with an air inlet conduit portion 27 at one end, and having an opposite exit end 18. The casing is formed with an intermediate combustion space 19. An elongated heat pipe 29 is mounted longitudinally in the casing and is offset from and extends alongside the combustion space 19. The heat pipe 29 is in heat-transmitting relationship with the air intake conduit 27 for heating incoming air. Guide conduit structure 25 is provided for conveying the heated air from the intake conduit into the combustion space. A fuel discharge nozzle 26 is provided to inject fuel into the combustion space 19. A fuel conduit 32 from a fuel supply source 37 has a portion 33 engaged in heat transfer relationship of the heat pipe for preheating the fuel. The downstream end of the heat pipe 29 is in heat transfer relationship with the casing and is located adjacent to the downstream end of the combustion space.

Abstract: This invention is directed to improving the thermal shock resistance of a ceramic layer. The invention is particularly directed to an improved abradable lining (16) that is deposited on a shroud (14) forming a gas-path seal in turbomachinery.Improved thermal shock resistance of a shroud is effected through the deliberate introduction of "benign" cracks. These are microcracks which will not propagate appreciably upon exposure to the thermal shock environment in which a turbine seal must function.Laser surface fusion treatment is used to introduce these microcracks. The ceramic surface is laser scanned to form a continuous dense layer as shown in FIG. 2. As this layer cools and solidifies, shrinkage results in the formation of a very fine crack network.The presence of this deliberately introduced fine crack network precludes the formation of a catastrophic crack during thermal shock exposure.

Abstract: A real-time IMEP signal which is a composite of those produced in any one chamber of a three-lobed rotary engine is developed by processing the signals of four transducers positioned in a Wankel engine housing such that the rotor overlaps two of the transducers for a brief period during each cycle. During the overlap period of any two transducers, their output is compared and sampled for 10.mu. seconds per 0.18.degree. of rotation by a sampling switch and capacitive circuit. When the switch is closed, the instantaneous difference between the value of the transducer signals is provided while with the switch open the average difference is produced. This combined signal, along with the original signal of the second transducer, is fed through a multiplexer to a pressure output terminal. Timing circuits, controlled by a crank angle encoder on the engine, determine which compared transducer signals are applied to the output terminal and when, as well as the open and closed periods of the switches.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide for a coal in oil mixture a combustor or burner system in which the ash resulting from burning the mixture is of submicron particle size.The burner system comprises, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a burner section (11), a flame exit nozzle (12), a fuel nozzle section (13) and an air tube (14) by which preheated air is directed into burner section (11). Regulated air pressure is delivered to a fuel nozzle (34) in nozzle section (13) through a line (9). Means (8),(16), and (17),(29),(6),(30) and (31) are provided for directing a mixture of coal particles and oil from a drum (15) to a nozzle (34) of FIG. 2 at a desired rate and pressure while a means (19) returns excess fuel to the fuel drum (15). Means (25) is provided for keeping the coal particles uniformly distributed in the coal in oil mixture in fuel drum (15). Means (29), (30), and (31) provide for stable fuel pressure supply from fuel pump (8) to fuel nozzle (34).

Abstract: An improved slow wave circuit especially useful in backward wave oscillators includes a slow wave circuit (10) in a waveguide (12) as shown in FIG. 1. The slow wave circuit is comprised of rings 11 disposed between and attached to respective stubs (13,14). The stubs (13,14) are attached to opposing sidewalls of the waveguide (12).To the end that opposed, interacting magnetic fields will be established to provide a very high coupling impedance for the slow wave structure, axially orientated bars (20) are connected between rings in alternate spaces and adjacent to the attachment points of stubs 13. Similarly, axial bars (21) are connected between rings in the spaces which do not include bars (20) and at points adjacent to the attachments of bars (21).FIG. 2 shows the current loops (22,23) available because of the inventive structure.FIG. 3 shows that rings 11 may be half rings of 180.degree. arc.FIG. 4 illustrates that the rings or half rings (11) with stubs (13,14) may be formed of flat metal ribbons.

Abstract: An improved zinc electrode for alkaline cells includes up to about ten percent by weight of Ba(OH).sub.2.8H.sub.2 O with about five percent being preferred. The zinc electrode may or may not be amalgamated with mercury.

Abstract: An air modulation apparatus, such as for use in modulating cooling air to the turbine section of a gas turbine engine. The apparatus includes valve means disposed around an annular conduit, such as a nozzle, in the engine cooling air circuit. The valve means, when in a closed position, blocks a portion of the conduit, and thus reduces the amount and increases the velocity of cooling air flowing through the nozzle. The apparatus also includes actuation means, which can operate in response to predetermined engine conditions, for enabling opening and closing of the valve means.

Abstract: A specially textured surface of pyrolytic graphite exhibits extremely low yields of secondary electrons and reduced numbers of reflected primary electrons after impingement of high energy primary electrons. Electrode plates of this material are used in multistage depressed collectors.An ion flux having an energy between 500 eV and 1000 eV and a current density between 1.0 mA/cm.sup.2 and 6.0 mA/cm.sup.2 produces surface roughening or texturing which is in the form of needles or spires.Such textured surfaces are especially useful as anode collector plates in high efficiency electron tube devices.

Abstract: A combustor liner is fabricated from a plurality of individual segments each containing counter/parallel Finwall material and are arranged circumferentially and axially to define the combustion zone. Each segment is supported by a hook and ring construction to an opened lattice frame with sufficient tolerance between the hook and ring to permit thermal expansion with a minimal of induced stresses.

Abstract: A replaceable tip cap for attachment to the end of a rotor blade. The tip cap includes a plurality of walls defining a compartment which, if desired, can be divided into a plurality of subcompartments. The tip cap can include inlet and outlet holes in walls thereof to permit fluid communication of a cooling fluid therethrough. Abrasive material can be attached with the radially outer wall of the tip cap.

Abstract: An energy recovery system is provided for an aircraft gas turbine engine of the type in which some of the pneumatic energy developed by the engine is made available to support systems such as an environmental control system. In one such energy recovery system, some of the pneumatic energy made available to but not utilized by the support system is utilized to heat the engine fuel immediately prior to the consumption of the fuel by the engine. Some of the recovered energy may also be utilized to heat the fuel in the fuel tanks. Provision is made for multi-engine applications wherein energy recovered from one engine may be utilized by another one of the engines or systems associated therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step process of joining a lead wire to a 2.times.10.sup.-6 m thick platinum alloy film which rests upon an equally thin alumina insulating layer which is adhered to a metal substrate. Typically the platinum alloy film forms part of a thermocouple for measuring the surface temperature of a gas turbine airfoil. In the first step the lead wire is deformed 30-60% at room temperature while the characteristic 10.sup.6 ohm resistance of the alumina insulating layer is monitored for degradation. In the second step the cold pressed assembly is heated at 865.degree.-1025.degree. C. for 4-75 hr in air. During the heating step any degradation of insulating layer resistance may be reversed, provided the resistance was not decreased below 100 ohm in the cold pressing.